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病理朱 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - hypertension
      - aging
- - - - beriberi heart disease
      - doxorubicin (adriamycin
    - - VT, Vf
      - sudden death
      - right ventricular wall is severely thinned
      - Plakoglobin
      - Naxos syndrome
      - Autosomal-dominant
- - - - Secundum ASDs* (90% of all ASDs) middle
      - Primum anomalies (5% of ASDs) down
      - Sinus venosus up
    - - most common
  - - - Congenital rubella infection
      - folate reduce!
  - - - VSD
      - subpulmonary stenosis
      - override aorta
      - Right ventricular hypertrophy
- - - - streptococci
    - - calcification
- - - - Trypanosoma cruzi
      - Romana's sign
  - - - composed largely of eosinophils
  - - - multinucleate giant cells
      - poor prognosis
- - - - Capillary hemangioma
        
        strawberry type” or juvenile hemangioma
        
        grows rapidly in the first few months but then fades at 1 to 3 years of age and completely regresses by age 7 in 75% to 90% of cases
        
        bright red to blue
        
        lumens be thrombosed and organized
        
        Vessel rupture hemosiderin pigment focal scarring
      - Cavernous hemangioma
        
        large, dilated vascular channels
        
        less well circumscribed
        
        deep structures
        
        imaging studies
        
        Brain hemangiomas are most problematic, because they can cause pressure symptoms or rupture
        
        of von Hippel-Lindau disease
        
        Dystrophic calcification
      - Pyogenic Granuloma
        
        rapidly growing pedunculated red nodule
        
        ulcerated
        
        trauma
        
        edema
        
        An acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate
        
        Strikingly similar to exuberant granulation tissue
        
        gingiva of pregnant women
        
        regress (e.g., after pregnancy) or undergo fibrosis
        
        surgical excision
    - - Simple (Capillary) Lymphangioma
        
        D2-40
      - Cavernous Lymphangioma (Cystic Hygroma)
        
        neck or axilla of children
        
        common in Turner syndrome
        
        tumor margins are not discrete and the lesions are not encapsulated
    - - benign, exquisitely painful
        
        smooth muscle cells
      - under the fingernails • Excision is curative
  - - - well-differentiated tumors, anaplastic lesions
      - breast, and liver
      - Hepatic angiosarcomas
        
        Arsenic
        
        Thorotrast
        
        Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
      - lymphedema, classically in the ipsilateral upper extremity several years after radical mastectomy (i.e., with lymph node resection)
      - induced by radiation
      - large, fleshy masses of redtan to gray-white tissue
      - plump, anaplastic but recognizable endothelial cells producing vascular channels
      - wildly undifferentiated tumors with a solid spindle cell appearance and without definite blood vessels
      - demonstrated by staining for CD31
    - - Pericytes— myofibroblast-like cells
  - - - Chronic KS (also called classic or European KS)
        
        not associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
        
        distal lower extremities
        
        typically asymptomatic and remain localized to the skin and subcutaneous tissue
      - Lymphadenopathic KS (also called African or endemic KS)
        
        South African Bantu children
        
        Not associated with HIV
        
        occasionally involves the viscera
        
        50% of all tumors in men
      - Transplant-associated KS
      - AIDS-associated (epidemic) KS
        
        opportunistic infections
        
        HHV-8
        
        transmitted sexually and by poorly understood nonsexual routes
      - morphology
        
        Patch
        
        difficult to distinguish from granulation tissue
        
        Plaque
        
        surrounded by plump spindle cells
        
        nodule
        
        small vessels
        
        Round, pink, cytoplasmic globules of uncertain nature
- - - - no tendency to fade
      - in a trigeminal nerve distribution
      - Sturge-Weber syndrome
        
        A large facial vascular malformation in a child with mental deficiency may indicate the presence of more extensive vascular malformations