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- - - - There are a dozen different genetic syndromes that can cause deafness including Alport Syndrome, Mohr-Tranebjaerg Syndrome, and Norrie Disease.
    - - Certain diseases can cause hearing loss, including meningitis, mumps, cytomegalovirus, and chickenpox. Severe cases of jaundice can also cause hearing loss.
    - - Injuries such as a skull fracture, traumatic brain injury, or just a ruptured eardrum can cause deafness
- - - - help amplify the sounds you want to hear, especially where there’s a lot of background noise. ALDs can be used with a hearing aid or cochlear implant to help a wearer hear certain sounds better.They are commonly split into four different groups: amplified telephones, notification systems, personal amplifiers, and TV streamers.Often the student will have one they use with every day hearing that can have modifications for eliminating background noise and sensitivity to feedback.
    - - teachers can use wireless microphones throughout their lessons. An audio signal is sent via FM radio waves directly to whatever assistive hearing devices the students are wearing.
    - - These can be wall mounted or standalone speakers which can be shared among several children simultaneously. The downside, however, is these systems are less portable than their personal FM counterparts.
    - - device that allows users to send typed messages across phone lines. Many people who are Deaf, deafened, hard of hearing, or who are deafblind may use TTYs to call other individuals.
    - - Transferring material being covered in the classroom to text. There are so many to choose from and more being rolled out all of the time. https://www.hearinglikeme.com/speech-to-text-apps-for-the-deaf-community/
    - - This technology is often used in large settings and requires set up and planning.
        https://www.hearingloss.org/hearing-help/technology/cartcaptioning/
    - - involving pre-made audio or video (A/V)
- - - - First Words- A language program that teaches those who are developing or reacquiring language functions
      - Articulation Station - helps students with letter and word pronunciation
      - Question It - Teaches question words and concepts to students with significant language issues
    - - Communication boards
      - Sign Language
- - - - For mobility purposes. The student needs to be able to navigate the school campus effectively.
        See: https://ultracane.com/about_the_ultracane
    - - A machine that can take a document written in English and print it out in Braille. Helpful for translating worksheets.
        http://braillemaster.com/overview.htm
    - - Text-to-Voice program that allows students to navigate through devices and listen to webpage based documents.
        https://www.nvaccess.org/about-nvda/
    - - A tablet-like device that works like a combination of the braille display and translator, but allows the student to type in braille as well.
        http://www.humanware.com/microsite/bntouch/index.php
    - - For those who have sight, but still need assistance with visuals. Magnifies text on screen.
        http://www.sweetmansystems.com/products/reading-systems-and-software/eye-pal-and-eye-pal-solo/
    - - A device that can plug into a computer so that users may read the screen using Braille.
        https://www.freedomscientific.com/Products/Blindness/Focus80BrailleDisplay/
- - - - Congenital anomalies
        
        This includes the absence
        or deformity of some limb
      - Disease
        
        These include:
        poliomyelitis
        osteogenesis imperfecta
        muscular dystrophy
        bone tuberculosis
      - Other causes
        
        Other cause include:
        Cerebral Palsy
        Amputations
        Fractures or burns that cause contractures
    - - Special seating arrangements to develop useful posture and movements
      - Securing suitable augmentative communication and other assistive devices
      - Instruction focused on development of gross and fine motor skills
      - Awareness of medical condition and its affect on the student (such as getting tired quickly)
      - Other Specialists Needed
        
        Physical Therapists who work on gross motor skills (focusing on the legs, back, neck and torso)
        
        Occupational Therapists who work on fine motor skills (focusing on the arms and hands as well as daily living activities such as dressing and bathing)
        
        Speech-Language Pathologists who work with the student on problems with speech and language
        
        Adapted Physical Education Teachers, who are specially trained PE teachers who work along with the OT and PT to develop an exercise program to help students with disabilities
        
        Other Therapists (Massage Therapists, Music Therapists, etc.)
    - - For Accessing Technology
        
        Speech recognition software - Types words as they are spoken
        
        Screen reading software - takes audio or text and converts it into speech or braille
        
        Augmentative and alternative communication devices (such as communication boards) - helps students with speech impediments to convey through speech
        
        Academic software packages for students with disabilities - (Popular ones include; iComm, Access to Math, LiveScribe, Big Calc)
      - For Positioning and Mobility
        
        Canes
        
        Walkers
        
        Crutches
        
        Wheelchairs
        
        Specialized Exercise Equipment
        
        Specialized chairs, desks, and tables for proper posture development
- - - - Present lecture and information in a visual format as well as orally and in writing. Use diagrams, videos, and practical experiments to help explain abstract concepts.
      - Keep instructions as brief and uncomplicated as possible. Repeat information. Use "plain English" as much as possible. Provide study guides and review sheets for exams.
      - Reduce distractions in the work area (extra pens, books, etc). Divide work into smaller sections and complete one at a time.
        Have student summarize orally to confirm understanding.
      - Help the student to stay organized by using calendars, assignment books, and checklists. When needed, provide additional time, checklists, steps for assignment, outlines for assignment, etc.
      - Ask the student how they think you can best assist. Offer help with time management and remind them of deadlines. Give them time to think before answering questions.
    - - Speech Generating Devices - These can be used to to activate pre-recorded digitized or synthesized speech.
      - Recording Devices - Note taking can be difficult so this helps keep up with presentations and can also go at a slower pace. A smart phone can be used in many cases.
      - Speech Recognition Software can assist with writing by dictating homework and other assignments. It can be helpful to allow use of spell check and word predictors.
      - Use video, overhead projectors, audio books, noise cancelling headphones.
    - - Concussions. Caused by sudden change in movement. Second concussions are often worse.
      - Brain Contusions. Brain is bruised
      - Penetrating Brain Injuries
      - Anoxic Brain Injuries. Brain is deprived of oxygen