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Bone Marrow - Coggle Diagram

- - - - some B c tumors produce single globulin prot = monoclonal gammopathy
      - serum prot electrophoresis and immunofixation
    - - assoc w/ sev diff types of malig (lymphoma and MM)
    - - mast c neoplasia
        
        BM involvement gen low 2-5%
        
        BM aspir in ptx w/ high-grade mast c tumors, LN involvement or w/ unexplained cytopenias/eosinophilia
      - lymphoid neoplasia
        
        BM examin detect occult involvement in small % of cases, gen not recommended
        
        BM aspir indicated in ptx w/ unexplained cytopenias, but NOT dogs w/ circu neoplastic c
        
        results rarely impact trtmt
  - - - aplasia anemia
        
        uncommon
      - myeloprolif disorders
        
        myel leuk
        
        myelodysplastic synd
- - - - BM sampl CAN be painful
  - - - predom w/in bones of axial and prox appendicular skel
    - - predom in diaphyseal regions of long bone
  - - - aspir
        
        superior cell detail
        
        better for detec of sm # of tumor c, assess matur
      - biopsy
        
        better estim of cellularity
        
        individ cell ID harder
      - BOTH is BEST
    - - complete BM analysis REQ a CBC collected at same time as BM
      - provides func corre to microscopy
- - - - 500 nucleated c are eval and cat
        
        myel, eryth, lympho, plasma c, etc
        
        best performed on cytology smpl
      - M:E ratio
        
        rel # of myel c to eryth c
        
        provides info on ea maj c line rela to ea other
        
        norm M:E = 1:1
        
        change reflects hyper or hpoplasia of hmpt cell line
        
        CBC needed to interp M:E
        
        inc M:E
        
        inc M or dec E
        
        dec M:E
        
        dec M or inc E
        
        norm M:E
        
        dec M + dec E or inc M + inc E
      - megak hyper and hypoplasia does not affect overall cellu or M:E
    - - degree to which hmpt c lines resemble a pyramid
        
        10-20% immatur forms
        
        80-90% mature forms
      - disorderly matur (dysplasia) can be seen w/ intense demand or as neoplastic/pre-neoplastic change
      - presence of complete spectrum of matur
        
        eryth = polychromatophils
        
        myel = fully segmented forms
      - incomplete matur of a particular lineage
        
        immu-medi destruc of 1 stage in matur process
        
        for granulocytes. matur arrest at band stage most common
        
        for erythrocytes, matur arrest at metarubricyte stage most common
    - - recorded as present or absent
      - considered gold std in diag of iron defic
      - seen in BM of norm dogs and horses, but rarely cats
    - - lymphocytes
        
        <5% in dogs, horses, cows
        
        <20% in cats
        
        inc w/ Ag stim or lympoid neoplasia
      - plasma c
        
        <2% considered norm
        
        inc w/ Ag stim or plasma c neoplasia
      - mast c
      - macrophages
      - adipocytes
      - osteoblasts and osteclasts
    - - particles (aggreg of fat and c in cytology smpl)
      - best eval on core biopsies
        
        50% c = norm
        
        <25% c = hypocellu
        
        hypoplasia of 1+ c line (eryth or myel)
        
        viral dz, toxicity, irradiation, immu-medi dz
        
        >75% c = hypercellu
        
        hyperplasia of 1+ cell line (eryth or myel)
        
        inflamm (myelitis)
        
        infiltrative: neoplasia (typ hmpt) or fibrosis
      - megak
        
        2-10 adeq if plt # norm
        
        1+ megak per particle
        
        5-10+ megak per slide
- - - - inc produc of c
      - all hematopoietic (hmpt) = BM hyperplasia
      - specific lineage = eryth, myel, or megak hyperplasia
    - - dec produc of c
      - all hmpt c = BM hypoplasia
      - specific lineage = eryth, myel, megak hypoplasia
    - - prefix myelo has many meanings
        
        pertaining to BM
        
        cells of granulocytic lineage
  - - - produc
      - loss
      - consump/demand
      - hydration status