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Arabia and the origins of Islam - Coggle Diagram
Arabia and the origins of Islam
The founder was Muhammad. He was a religious and political leader,
with such success that at the time of his death (year 632) had
managed to unify the entire Arabian Peninsula, and a century after
his death, the Islamic Empire stretched from the Atlantic Ocean in
the west to Central Asia in the east.
Muhammad was born in Arabia (year 570 or 571) on a dry
peninsula where there were few inhabitants, all of them spoke
Arab. They were nomadic shepherds called Bedouins or
sedentary people who practiced agriculture in the most fertile
lands from the south (Yemen and Oman), and traded at the
northern oasis
People practiced a polytheistic religion (stones, stars, trees and objects were
gods or demons). The main city was Mecca, an active and religious commercial
center for the polytheists Arabs since it contained the well of the Zamzam and the
Kaaba, a black cubic construction. These places that were venerated as Gods.
Clasic Islam
Classical Islam is the period of nine centuries of
cultural, religious and military expansion of the Islamic
civilization that begins with Muhammad and goes back
to the XV century, when at the edge of the
Mediterranean begins the apogee of the Ottoman
Empire (taking off Constantinople, 1453), and the
Muslim presence in Spain ends (fall of Granada, 1492).
However, the Arab tribes expanded the Islamic religion
and conquered in a few years (from 697 to 708) almost all of Asia Minor, Egypt and
North Africa.
A DEBT WITH ISLAM
The Arabs translated texts and thus arrived in Europe to the medieval world.
The set of works of science, philosophy, and literature of the Greek classics
were translated by the Muslims from Greek into Arabic and they completed
and commented on a large part of those works that were unknown in the
western part. Then, those works were translated from Arabic into Latin in
Spain and they met in Europe
To the Hindus we owe the finding of expressing all the
numbers by means of ten symbols. The oldest treaty is the
Mohamad Musa al Quarismi.
The invention of Algebra.
The induction of the experimental method in the sciences.
The Aristotelian synthesis of Avicenna (980-1037)
The separation of theology and philosophy by Averroes.
A series of techniques in chemistry, physics, mining,
metallurgy, architecture and many other applied sciences.
