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Locality & Crime - Coggle Diagram
Locality & Crime
Solutions of crime
Community centre
Activities for kids
CCTV
Anti-criminal architecture
Money from councils
Long term crime prevention
Left Realism
Crime - Real problem
Taken seriously
Real solutions
Young (1980-1990s)
Relative Deprivation
Group feels deprived compared to other groups
Subculture
Groups develop certain lifestyles
Marginalisation
Margins of society
Not largely represented
Durkhiem (1895)
Concept of Anomie
People no longer share: social norms,values or beliefs
Urbanisation
Caused due to breakdown in community relationships
Deviance
lack of understanding from members in society
Chicago School (Geo.Sociologists)
Transition Zone
lots of deviance
cheap slum-style housing
lack of community
due to immigration/migration
Lack of Community = Increased Crime
Criticism
no explanation for White Collar Crime
Brantingham & Brantingham (1991)
Crime more committed in well known areas
How criminals choose targets
Level of risk
Criminal skills
Potential rewards
Areas of greater opportunities
Urban Areas
Labelling theory
link crime and urban area
Agencies of social control
Police patrol inner cities 'Hot spot'
High urban crime
Becker (1963)
Low income neighbourhoods
Deviant acts - delinquency
Wealthy neighbourhoods
Deviant acts - youthful high spirits
Bottoms (1989)
Housing Estate
Problem Famliies
Mild Criminal Subcultures
The tipping Process
Physical & Social disorders
Informal social control mechanisms become weakened
Loss of community
Loss of ‘respectable’ people move out of state
Problem families move on estate
Subcultures for from increased crime
Right Realism
Some areas have lost community
Leads to high level of single parents
Underclass
Wilson (1975)
Strong communities effective way of dealing with crime
Rational calculations
If benefits outweigh the cost of committing the crime
Chance of getting caught for committing a crime are small
Shaw & McKay (1942)
Social Disorganisation
Chicago & Other cities - 5 zones
Centre is Central Business District
2nd Zone - The Zone of Transition
Highest Crime
Highly populated
Large turnover in immigrant population
Become successful
Unsettled
Social Deprivation
poor housing