locality & crime

Durkheim

Based of the concept of anomie

urbanisation was made due to the breakdown of communal relationships

anomie is formed due to the lack of sharing social norms , values and beliefs

shaw & Mckay

deviance is around due to the lack of understanding of what is right and wrong in society

Social disorganistaion

Large cities should be divided into five zones

Zone of transition

  • Highly populated
  • Large turnover in immigrant population
  • Immigrants become successful and move onto wealthier places and a new wave of immigrants arrive
  • unsettled
  • Social deprivation & social disorganisation

Sutherland

expanding on shaw & mckay

Social disorganisation theory

devience is normalised

no values

Criminals become role models

Labelling theory

link between crime in urban areas

Police patrol inner cities such as council estates
due to the being associated as "hot spots"

More crimes are recognised in urban areas than rural areas

community of unknowns in urban areas and a close community in urban areas

Environmental theory

Bottoms - the tipping process

housing estates have a bad reputation due to problematic families and mild subliminal cultures

  • Abusive language
  • isolated society results in a loss of community

Subcultures form

Respectable families move out of estate

Brantingham & brantingham

Becker theory

low income familes are labelled as delinquent whereas wealthy communities are defined as high spirited

common areas are most likely to have crime behind them

criminals target

  • potential awards
  • level of risk
  • criminal skills