locality & crime
Durkheim
Based of the concept of anomie
urbanisation was made due to the breakdown of communal relationships
anomie is formed due to the lack of sharing social norms , values and beliefs
shaw & Mckay
deviance is around due to the lack of understanding of what is right and wrong in society
Social disorganistaion
Large cities should be divided into five zones
Zone of transition
- Highly populated
- Large turnover in immigrant population
- Immigrants become successful and move onto wealthier places and a new wave of immigrants arrive
- unsettled
- Social deprivation & social disorganisation
Sutherland
expanding on shaw & mckay
Social disorganisation theory
devience is normalised
no values
Criminals become role models
Labelling theory
link between crime in urban areas
Police patrol inner cities such as council estates
due to the being associated as "hot spots"
More crimes are recognised in urban areas than rural areas
community of unknowns in urban areas and a close community in urban areas
Environmental theory
Bottoms - the tipping process
housing estates have a bad reputation due to problematic families and mild subliminal cultures
- Abusive language
- isolated society results in a loss of community
Subcultures form
Respectable families move out of estate
Brantingham & brantingham
Becker theory
low income familes are labelled as delinquent whereas wealthy communities are defined as high spirited
common areas are most likely to have crime behind them
criminals target
- potential awards
- level of risk
- criminal skills