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(labelling theory, brantingham and brantingham (1991), Durkheim (1895) a…
labelling theory
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agencies of social control such as the police are more likely to patrol inner city areas as they are percieved to be the hot spot
the police use their descretion and caution deviant persons who live in rural areas because they are known where as the person in the rural areas are unkown because these areas tend to lack a sense of community whicg is associated with rural areas and are therefore arrested.
Becker (1963) saw that deviant acts committed by youths wh lived in poor areas were classed as delinquency while acts committed in wealthier areas were classed as having youthful high spirits.
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shaw and mckay (1942)
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2nd zone, the zone of transition, has the highest amount of crime
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zone of transition: highly populated, larger turnover in immigrant population, immigrants become successful ad moves onto wealthier places and a new wave of immigrants arrive, unsettled, social deprivation
Left/right realism
Left realists soo crime as a real problem which should be taken seriously and real solutions should be thought up to deal with the problem
Young (1980-1990s) explains crime with three concepts: relative deprevation( a group fells deprived comapred to other similar grouos and this feeling of not having what others have can lead to crime)
subculture(groups develop a certain lifestyle and this term stems from their experinces of relative deprevation
marginalization (groups that are marginalised are those who are on the margins of society and are not largely represented. these groups can turn to crime, violent behaviour in particular to get their point across. therefore marginalized can lead to criminal behaviour.
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Wilson (1975) saw that having strong communities is an effective way of dealing with crime. he also saw how people are likely to commit crime if the benefits oitweigh the cost of committing crime, wilson called this rational calculation. Wilson claims in reality the chance of getting caught committing a crime are small.
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