Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pure and impure substances - Coggle Diagram
Pure and impure substances
Differences
Pure substances
Pure substances have definite composition and definite physical and chemical properties
They are all homogeneous
Only 1 Elements and compounds
Impure substances
Impure substances are made up of two or more pure substances mixed together in any proportion.
They may be homogeneous or hetergeneous
They are all mixtures
Types of mixtures
Heterogeneous
Has distinguishable parts and separations
Examples
Unshaken Juice extract
Oil
insoluble solutions
homogeneous
homogeneous mixtures appear uniform throughout. The most common type of homogenous mixture is a solution, which can be a solid, liquid, or gas
What is a solution?
homogenous mixture of two or more substances which are dissolved into one new solution
Emulsion
emulsion is a special type of mixture made by combining two liquids that normally don't mix
Separation techniques
Filtration
Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases
using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not the solid. The term "filtration" applies whether the filter is mechanical, biological, or physical. The fluid that passes through the filter is called the filtrate.
Crystalization
crystallization is the process by which a solid crystal forms.
To crystallize an impure, solid compound, add just enough hot solvent to it to completely dissolve it. ... As the solution cools, the solvent can no longer hold all of the solute molecules, and they begin to leave the solution and form solid crystals
Distillation
Distillation is the process of separating components of a mixture based on different boiling points
purification of alcohol
desalination
crude oil refining
making liquefied gases from air
the dissolved solute has a much higher boiling point than the solvent. When the solution is heated, solvent vapour evaporates from the solution. The gas moves away and is cooled and condensed .
Chromatography
an analytical technique commonly used for separating a mixture of chemical substances into its individual components
To get the process started, the mixture is dissolved in a substance called the mobile phase, which carries it through a second substance called the stationary phase.
The different components of the mixture travel through the stationary phase at different speeds, causing them to separate from one another. The nature of the specific mobile and stationary phases determines which substances travel more quickly or slowly, and is how they are separated. These different travel times are termed retention time.