Pure and Impure substances

Types of mixtures

Separation Techniques

Filtration

Oils

Alloys

Emulsions

Distillation

Crude Oil

What is a mixture?

contains more than one substance, as they are mixed together, not chemically combined.

Combination of a metal and one or other elements

Key Term

Saturated

Solvent

Solution

Water, white spirit, ethanol, acetone

Where the solute is being dissolved in the solvent until there is no more

When the solute has dissolved into the solvent, giving a solution.

used to separate a solid from a liquid

Chromatography

Used to separate mixture of substances. They depend on how the substances in a mixture interact with chromatography paper and the solvent.

To refine crude oil into petrol for the industry, you need to carry out the process fractional distillation. image

simple distillation - used to separate a solvent from a solution

Fractional distillation - separate liquids from each other

Purity

no particles or any other substance mixed into it. You can check purity using melting and boiling points. It has sharp mp and bp.

Petroleum

known as crude oil, petroleum is the combination of complex hydrocarbons and dead remnants of living organisms

Mixing two liquids that are not able to be mixed into a colloid, the process named emulsification

Crystallisation

separate a solute from a solution by letting crystals form. It works because soluble solids are less soluble at lower temperatures

A colloid is a mixture that has particles ranging between 1 and 1000 nanometers in diameter, yet are still able to remain evenly distributed throughout the solution.

Solution is a homogeneous mixture which anything taken from it would have the same composition

Suspension

heterogeneous mixture in which particles are much bigger in a solution