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Pure and Impure substances - Coggle Diagram
Pure and Impure substances
Types of mixtures
Oils
Petroleum
known as crude oil, petroleum is the combination of complex hydrocarbons and dead remnants of living organisms
Alloys
Combination of a metal and one or other elements
Emulsions
Mixing two liquids that are not able to be mixed into a colloid, the process named emulsification
A colloid is a mixture that has particles ranging between 1 and 1000 nanometers in diameter, yet are still able to remain evenly distributed throughout the solution.
What is a mixture?
contains more than one substance, as they are mixed together, not chemically combined.
Separation Techniques
Filtration
used to separate a solid from a liquid
Distillation
Crude Oil
To refine crude oil into petrol for the industry, you need to carry out the process fractional distillation.
simple distillation - used to separate a solvent from a solution
Fractional distillation - separate liquids from each other
Chromatography
Used to separate mixture of substances. They depend on how the substances in a mixture interact with chromatography paper and the solvent.
Crystallisation
separate a solute from a solution by letting crystals form. It works because soluble solids are less soluble at lower temperatures
Key Term
Saturated
Where the solute is being dissolved in the solvent until there is no more
Solvent
Water, white spirit, ethanol, acetone
Solution
When the solute has dissolved into the solvent, giving a solution.
Solution is a homogeneous mixture which anything taken from it would have the same composition
Suspension
heterogeneous mixture in which particles are much bigger in a solution
Purity
no particles or any other substance mixed into it. You can check purity using melting and boiling points. It has sharp mp and bp.
