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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - Coggle Diagram
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Intro
D/F
AMR
growing at alarming rate
globally
35% common human infection
become resistant to available
antimicrobial drugs
India
largest consumer of antibiotics in the world
Lancet study
estimated 58000
new-born children
die annually
from sepsis in India
because of antibiotics
can no longer treat
certain bacterial infections
CI
advent of antibiotics
hope of elimination
infectious diseases
in human & animals
however
did not happen
because of 2 reasons
ingenuity and
survival instinct of germs
and irrational use of antibiotics
in human and animals
MB
BP/GE/IS
Reasons
Microorganisms develop
resistance to antimicrobial agents
as natural defence mechanism
Human activity
misuse and overuse of antimicrobials
once consumed
upto 80% of antibiotic drugs
excreted un-metabolised
along with resistant bacteria
effluents from
households, health,
pharmaceutical facilities, and agricultural run-off
propagating
resistant microorganisms
Wastewater treatment facilities
unable to remove
all antibiotics and resistant bacteria
Wildlife
contact with discharge
containing antimicrobials
become colonised with
drug-resistant organisms
BP
MoHFW and MoEF&CC
constituted Inter-ministerial Steering Committee
on Environment and Health
with representation from WHO and UNEP
MoEF&CC
issued draft std
which set limits for residues
121 antibiotics in treated effluents
from drug production units
Way Ahead
2 major possible solutions
combat AMR menace
discovery of new drug
before emergence of
resistance in germs
prudent
use of available antibiotics
rational
use of antibiotics
in humans, animals
agriculture warrants
co-ord action
in all sectors
One Health approach
multi-institutional actions
efficient and cost-effective
response to AMR and
several other challenges
Example
India’s National Action Plan on AMR
used as guiding document
develop
workable road map
for the country
respond
public health challenges
IS
germs have acquired
capacity to resist
action of affordable
antibiotics
inability of antibiotics
is wreaking havoc on
human health, nutrition safety and economies.
treat patients and animals
Govt Interrventions
CG & SG
strengthen the environmental dimensions of
their plans to tackle
antimicrobial resistance
Promote measures
address known hotspots
hospitals, manufacturing and
waste treatment facilities
D/F CAP-TAW
AMR
estimated cause
10 million deaths
annually by 2050
unless
concerted actions
initiated now
result in
7.5% reduction
livestock production
negatively impact
global GDP y 3.5%
CON
GI/FU
AMR
one of the biggest challenges
to human and animal health
need to optimally
utilise emerging technologies to
improve human health and development