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TOPIC 10 THE INDEPENDENCE REVOLUTIONS - Coggle Diagram
TOPIC 10 THE INDEPENDENCE REVOLUTIONS
THE INDEPENDENCE IN LATIN AMERICA
The independence of Latin America was the historical process of the
rebellion of its inhabitants against Spanish colonial rule and the formation of
independent national states. It began with the proclamation of Sovereign
Boards in 1809. Some of them - especially the first that of Quito - were
repressed by fire and blood by the Spanish authorities. The process
continued until it became a true continental war.
In the independence of Latin America, as in any complex process, many
causes can be distinguished, among them:
Economic. The Bourbon reforms drowned the economy of the
colonies by preventing intraregional trade and imposing excessive
taxation.
Social. was resentment over the prerogatives of the Spaniards. The
disputes between Spaniards and creoles for management positions
extended to all areas.
Ideological. The forerunners of independence became aware of the
differences between the colonies and the metropolis, highlighted the
value of their own and raised the alternative of the fatherland as a
separate entity from Spain.
Influence of US independence and the French Revolution.
Napoleon names king of Spain
To the causes, we must add
the events that precipitated the
independence. One of them is
that on May 5, 1808 Napoleon
imprisoned Charles IV and his
son Ferdinand VII and forced
them to abdicate in his favor.
Then, he named his brother,
José Bonaparte, king of Spain. In many Spanish cities were organized
Autonomous Boards that promised to govern until the return of
Fernando VII to the throne, but were dissolved by the French. Only
SOCIAL STUDIES – 9TH
the western part of Andalusia was free. The Junta de Sevilla was
proclaimed Supreme Government of all Spain (a fiction, because the
rest was under King Bonaparte, called by the Spaniards "Pepe
Botellas").
In the independence of Latin America, as in any complex process, many
causes can be distinguished, among them:
Economic. The Bourbon reforms drowned the economy of the
colonies by preventing intraregional trade and imposing excessive
taxation.
Social. was resentment over the prerogatives of the Spaniards. The
disputes between Spaniards and creoles for management positions
extended to all areas.
Ideological. The forerunners of independence became aware of the
differences between the colonies and the metropolis, highlighted the
value of their own and raised the alternative of the fatherland as a
separate entity from Spain.
Influence of US independence and the French Revolution.
Napoleon names king of Spain
To the causes, we must add
the events that precipitated the
independence. One of them is
that on May 5, 1808 Napoleon
imprisoned Charles IV and his
son Ferdinand VII and forced
them to abdicate in his favor.
Then, he named his brother,
José Bonaparte, king of Spain. In many Spanish cities were organized
Autonomous Boards that promised to govern until the return of
Fernando VII to the throne, but were dissolved by the French. Only
SOCIAL STUDIES – 9TH
the western part of Andalusia was free. The Junta de Sevilla was
proclaimed Supreme Government of all Spain (a fiction, because the
rest was under King Bonaparte, called by the Spaniards "Pepe
Botellas").
. HAITI AND SANTO DOMINGO
François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture took charge of a slave revolt on
the French side of the island of Hispaniola and led it between 1793 and 1802.
He faced Spanish, English, and French, until his capture, exile, and death in
France. In 1803, Jean Jacques Dessalines finally defeated the French
troops and, in 1804, declared the independence of Haiti. It was, thus, the
second independent country in America, in this case, led by blacks.
In 1822, Haitian troops subdued the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola,
which would regain its independence from Haiti in 1844. But what will be
called the Dominican Republic will not achieve independence from Spain
until 1865, after a war that left the country devastated.