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Topic 1: Hazardous Earth - Coggle Diagram
Topic 1: Hazardous Earth
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Definitions
Weather
Short term, day to day changes in the atmosphere
Climate
Long term changes in the atmosphere, such as 30 years time period
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Climate change theories
Eruption theory
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Mount Pinatubo, 1991, caused a 0.5 degree drop for a year
Asteroid collisons
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Impact blasts dush and ash into the atmosphere, similar to volcano but on a larger scale
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Sunspot theory
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Sunspots are dark patches on the surface of the sun which indicate that the sun is more active. More spots, more solar radiation, the warmer Earth is. Works vice versa too
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Orbital Theory
Eccentricity
Every 100,000 years (Milankoviwtch cycles)
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Axial tilt
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Tilted closer to the sun, the differences between summer and winter are decreased
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Tropical Cyclones
Formation
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Warm, moist air rises through convection creating an area of low pressure. This sucks in more air from the surroundings
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Storm begins to rotate due to Coriolis Effect. Anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
The air flowing away cools and sinks back to the ocean, where the warm ocean water heats the air again causing a cycle.
Air that sinks within the eye wall results in localised high pressure. Here conditions are calm and the skies are cloudless.
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Ciruculation of Heat
Atomspheric Circulation
Low pressure (below 1000mb) is formed by warm air rising. (Exerts less pressure on the ground). Air rises, condenses forming cloud and rain.
High Pressure (above 1000mb) is formed by cool air sinking. (Exerts more pressure on the ground). As it sinks, it warms up and any water evaporates. Clear skies and dry weather
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Oceanic Circulation
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Circulation is driven by cold water freezing into ice at the poles. This creates denser, saltier seawater which sinks to the ocean floor, the water that flows behind it at the surface forms a current