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In which ways did reformers attempt to change social institutions? -…
In which ways did reformers attempt to change social institutions?
Arts
Prisons and Asylums
Dorothea Dix
lobbied for humane conditions for prisoners and those with a mental illness
successfully lobbied state governments to build and pay for mental asylums
created petition for Massachusetts legislature to create asylums for those who were mentally ill to get them out of prisons
sparked the reforms of such institutions across the world, causing wholesale reevaluations of current institutions and the adoption of more appropriate facilities for the betterment and care of the mentally ill
conducted research on care of those convicted of a crime and care of people with mental illness
improved standards of care for those with mental illness in the US and Canada and initiated the systematic recording of observations to elicit support for humane treatment
Quakers
designed Newgate prison, believing it would be better for criminals to be housed in a facility away from the public eye
criminals were not separated according to crime, so hardened criminals could exert a corrupting influence on inmates who had committed trifling offenses.
development of Auburn prison, intending to correct Newgate's mistakes
"theology of redemptive suffering": when prisoners experienced pain and hardship, they were more likely to accept God's grace
development of Sing Sing prison, structure
didn't use corporal punishment, relied on religious redemption
New York Prison Association (NYPA)
argued that prisons should seek to reform prisoners so that they would be able to become law-abiding citizens after their terms were completed.
influence was short-lived
by 1850, NY's prisons were badly overcrowded and a rise of crime led the state’s politicians to lose interest in rehabilitating inmates.
Education
Temperance