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Exam study reference 3rd day - Coggle Diagram
Exam study reference 3rd day
Chemistry
Reactivity Series
Metal and Acid
metal + acid --> metal salt + hydrogen gas
Ex: Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid --> Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen
Every metal will react better with a conc. acid rather than a diluted acid.
How To Remember
The list starts from most reactive to least reactive.
Here is a catchy phrase to remember. Please send lions, cats, monkeys, and zebras into lovely hot countries signed general penguin
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, carbon, zinc, iron, tin, lead, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold, platinum.
Single Displacement Reaction
When a single element replaces another element which is in a compound.
The more reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal in a compound.
Ex: Iron + Copper Sulphate --> Iron Sulphate + Copper Iron displaces copper because its more reactive
What Is It
It is the reactivity between metals
Metal and Oxygen
Metal + oxygen --> Metal oxide
Ex: Copper + Oxygen --> Copper Oxide Iron + Oxygen --> Iron Oxide
Metal and Water
Metal + Water --> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
Ex: Calcium + Water --> Calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
Metal and Carbonate
metal carbonate + acid --> salt + water + carbon dioxide
Metal and Steam
Metal + Steam --> Metal Oxide + Hydrogen
Iron reacts with steam to form iron oxide and hydrogen
periodic trends
of group 1 the alkali metals
Alkali metals, Li, Na, K all color silvery white. Rb, Cs, Fr color silvery grey, silvery gold, radioactive very rare
Metals get softer down the group; melting/boiling point decreases as it goes down the line
not suitable for water, they are stored in a jar filled with oil to protect them from air and water
Reactions
lithium - a lot of fizz
sodium - shoots around the surface of the water
potassium - it melts and hydrogen bursts into flames
rubidium - sparks fly everywhere
cesium - violent explosion
francium - the big boy ! BOOM ! huge explosion
Electronic configuration
max ammount goes like 2,8,8,18,18,32
E.C. increases by one going down the line 2,1 then 2,8,1 then 2,8,8,1 then 2,8,8,18,1 then 2,8,8,18,18,1 etc.
period# tells shell#
Salt preparation
A salt can be made by reacting metal and acid. metal + acid --> salt + hydrogen
Crystallization process
Heating the solution
use glass rod and dip in solution then blow on it, if there is crystal then solution is saturated
Cooling
Concentrating
Filtration
A salt is a compund which when dissolved in water yeilds a cation and an anion
cation = + ion , anion = - ion
BIG RULE
: cation comes first before an anion. ex: NaCl, Na is a cation and Cl is an anion
periodic trends
group 7 the halogens
the elements in this group are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At). appearance : yellow gas, green gas, dark red liquid, black solid, radioactive.
Facts: All poisonous non-metals,forms colored gas. They exist as diatomic gases. ( 2 atoms). More reactive than most other non-metals
Atomicity : total # of atoms in a molecule
Prefixes: mono - 1, di - 2, tri - 3, tetra - 4, poly - 5 and/or above (many)
Physics
Magnetism
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ge_oF2z9T-J5IbE-71eabqqO4Sy3qtH6&authuser=0
Numerical
km/h to m/s :
multiply by 5/18
m/s to km/h :
multiply by 18/5