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COLONIAL CRISIS AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT - Coggle Diagram
COLONIAL CRISIS AND
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
THE INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY
A key process was the introduction of Bourbon reforms, which sought to impose a new imperialism in the Spanish colonies and produced a growing Creole discontent that, in some regions, it would have to end, beginning of the 19th century, in the movements of independency.
THE CHANGE OF DYNASTY
The 18th century began for Spain with the succession wars (1701-1713). King Charles II, who had no children, appointed Felipe de Anjou as his successor, grandson of Louis XIV of France and great-grandson of Philip IV, who was crowned with the title of Felipe V.
The Bourbon Reforms in America
1
The XV century arrived with the conquerors to America.
At the same time, the Church exercised great political influence. So, kings, courts, armies and peoples declared themselves Christians.
The Bourbon Reforms in America
2
They sought to reinforce real power and limit the autonomy of the groups localities (creation of Intendants to supervise to the officials, prohibition that the creoles occupy the key positions)
The Bourbon Reforms in America
3
Territorial reorganization (new limits and jurisdictions, creation of the viceroyalties of New Granada in 1739 and Rio de la Plata in 1776).
The Bourbon Reforms in America
4
The Bourbons ordered that the colonies will not negotiate between them that they bought everything to Spain.
The Bourbon Reforms in America
5
The tobacconists, that is, the state monopoly of commerce, were spreading to more and more products: tobacco, schnapps (hard liquor), salt, mercury and cards.
The Bourbon Reforms in America
6
The alcabalas were the TAX on the circulation of goods and they were charged until in the last town lost from the Andes to the Indians who left sell their vegetables in the markets.
The Bourbon Reforms in America
7
The expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767 took America an important consequence: the Crown Topped the lands of the society of Jesus, (Jesus company). So They got more income.
The indigenous uprisings are multiplied, especially in the second half of the XVIII. The largest was that of Túpac Amaru, in Peru (1780-1781), severely repressed, like the riots in the hearings of Quito, Mexico and Upper Peru.
If all human beings they are rational, they are obviously equal (The same teaching of Christianity, they are all children of God, but that had not been applied in interreligious wars), and if they are equal, they must be treated equally.
Enlightenment
A group of French thinkers threw themselves to a gigantic company: summarize all the human knowledge in a collection of books they called the Encyclopedia.
These ideas added to the hunger of the people, they caused the Revolution to break out in 1789 French, who dethroned and executed King Louis XVI and to his wife María Antonieta (1793).
While the Spanish armies were in Portugal, the French armies, with 65,000 effective, controlled Spain by several years.
The Spanish people rebelled against the King Charles IV in 1808, who abdicated and left as sovereign to his son, Fernando VII.