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IONIC AND MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS - Coggle Diagram
IONIC AND MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
IONIC COMPOUNDS
chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding.Ionic compound combine a Group IA & Group IIA metal with
a halogen or oxygen
IONIC BONDS
the electrostatic force that holds ions together
in an ionic compound
Ionic bonds happens between a METAL and NON-METAL
Metal Atoms
donate valence electrons to form positive ions (cations) and achieve the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement of the noble gases
Gruop 1,Group 2 and Group 13
Non-Metal Atoms
receive electrons to form negative ions (anions) and achieve the stable duplet or octet electron arrangement of the noble gases
Group 15,Gruop 16 and Gruop 17
Cations and anions are attracted to each other by strong electrostatic force of attraction
Sodium(Metal) + Bromine(Non-Metal) = Sodium Bromide(Ionic compound)
Li+ + F- = LiF
Al3+ + S2 = Al2S3
Fe3+ + SO32- = Fe2(SO3)3
Positive ions (cations) are formed when metal atoms release all valence electrons
Negative ions (anions) are formed when electrons move to the outer shell of a non-metallic atom
Positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) are attracted to each other by electrostatic attraction in the crystal lattice
The attraction between these ions is known as ion bonding or electronvalent bonding
The compounds formed are known as ionic compounds or electrovalent compounds
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
a chemical formula that gives the total number of atoms of each element in each molecule of a substance
Covelent Bonds
a chemical bond in which two or more
electrons are shared by two atoms
Covelent bonds happens between a NON-METAL and NON-METAL
Polar bond
a covalent bond with
greater electron density around one of the two atoms
Non polar bonds
the dividing line between pure covalent bonds and pure ion bonds.
Triple bond
two atoms share three pairs of electrons
Double bond
two atoms share two pairs of electrons
Electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract toward itself
the electrons in a chemical bond
Electronegativity
relative, F is highest
Electron Affinity
measurable, Cl is highest
Attractive Forces
Intermolecular
attractive forces between molecules
Dipole-Dipole Forces
Attractive forces between polar molecules
Ion-Dipole Forces
Attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule
Dispersion Forces (London)
Attractive forces that arise as a result of temporary
dipoles induced in atoms or molecules
Polarizability
the ease with which the electron distribution
in the atom or molecule can be distorted
more diffuse electron cloud
greater number of electrons
Hydrogen Bond
a special dipole--dipole interaction
between they hydrogen atom in a polar N--H, O-H, or F-H bond
and an electronegative O, N, or F atom
Intramolecular
hold atoms together in a molecule