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Incorporating Data & Illustrations in a Report, PREPARED BY NUR ANNIS…
Incorporating Data & Illustrations in a Report
VISUAL ELEMENTS:
-graphs, charts, tables, photographs, diagrams, and maps.
-it capture your readers’ attention and help them to understand your ideas more fully.
-visuals help to augment your written ideas and simplify complicated textual descriptions.
-the key concept of visual is to clarify, illustrate, and augment your written text; they are not a replacement for written text.
5 RULES TO INTEGRATE GRAPHIC:
Give each visual a numbered caption that includes a clear descriptive title.
Refer to the caption number within the body text and discuss its content.
Label all units (x and y axes, legends, column box heads, parts of diagrams, etc).
Provide the source of the data and/or visual image if you did not create it yourself.
Avoid distorting the data or image.
SPECIFIC GUIDELINES:
-make sure to label your tables/figures.
-any figures or tables you use in your document must be discussed in your text.
-if the table or figure that you present in your report was not created by you, but comes from other sources, you must include a reference for the original source in your caption.
-place the table/figure close to where it is first referred to in the text.
-refer to tables and figures in your text by their numbers, not their placement in the text.
-when referring to a figure or table in your body text, it is helpful to place the reference in bold font.
TYPE OF VISUAL:
table
-place detailed data/information in categories.
-formatted into rows and columns.
-label the column and rows.
graph
-as for
bar graph
, compare and contrast two or more subjects at the same point in time, or compare change over time.
-as for
column graph
, reveal change in a subject at regular intervals of time.
-as for
line graph
, show the degree and direction of change relative to two variables; compare items over time, show frequency or distribution, or show correlations.
chart
-as for
pie chart
, display the number and relative size of the divisions of a subject; shows relation of parts to a whole (parts must sum to 100% to make sense).
-as for the
organization chart
, map the divisions and levels of responsibility or hierarchy within an organization.
as for the
flow chart
, show the sequence of steps in a process or procedure.
-as for the gantt chart, it indicates timelines for multi-stepped projects, especially used in proposals and progress reports.
https://www.clearpointstrategy.com/how-to-create-a-gantt-chart/
illustration
-as for
diagram
, try to identify the parts of a subject and their spatial or functional relationship; emphasize detail or show dimensions.
-as for the
photo
, show what a subject looks like in realistic detail or show it being used.
-as for the
animation
, it simulate a process, operation, or incident.
-as for the
film clip
, it depict a process, operation, or incident in realistic detail.
SOURCES:
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/technicalwriting/chapter/figurestables/#:~:text=Visual%20elements%20such%20as%20graphs,and%20simplify%20complicated%20textual%20descriptions
.
https://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/journal-author/the-importance-of-figures-and-tables/1342#:~:text=Figures%20and%20tables%20(display%20items,main%20text%20of%20your%20manuscript.&text=Display%20items%20are%20also%20important%20for%20attracting%20readers%20to%20your%20work
.
PREPARED BY NUR ANNIS BINTI MUHAMAD ROSDI (TESL1)