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Seed Plants: Seed plants without flowers, Pteridospermophyta were thought…

- - - - micropyle
        
        simliar to ovules
        
        hole that allows sperm to enter
      - pollen chamber
        
        where microspores settle
        
        gave rise to the carpel in angiosperms
        
        holding area
      - integument
        
        layer of tissue projected upward
        
        surrounds megasporum
  - - - no leaves
      - between branches
    - - Aneurophyton
      - Tetraxylopteris
      - Proteokalon
    - - similar to
        
        trimerophytes
        
        rhyniophytes
    - - shrubs
      - large trees
  - - - abundant wood
      - secondary phloem
      - large trees
    - - seeds not produced
      - megaspores/microspores
      - heterosporous
    - - leaflets, spirally arranged simple leaves
    - - siphonostele pith
      - pith surrounded by xylem bundles
- - - - Reach 90m in height
        
        10m in diameter
  - - - Short Shoots
        
        long needle leaves
      - Long Shoots
        
        Tiny Papery Leaves
    - - pollen cones are simple cones with single unbranched axis
      - Are more complex.
        
        Compound cones consisting of a shoot with axillary buds
- - - - Stenomyelon
  - - - all extinct
      - cycadeoids
    - - seed ferns
      - all extinct
    - - cycads
      - extant
  - - - other appeared later
- - - - southeast Asia
      - Amazon Basin
      - tropical Africa