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Chapter 21 PRODUCTION GEOLOGY, to an, with a, will experience, because,…
Chapter 21
PRODUCTION GEOLOGY
Meteoric
Water Drive
Reservoirs
connected
aquifer
water
flow system
a little
pressure
drop
the oil
produced
replaced by
meteoric water
the aquifer.
Gas
Expansion
Drive
The gas
high
compressibility
the pressure
is reduced.
pressure
falls relative
volume of
oil produced
relatively
small.
Compaction
Drive
If fluid
pressure
reduced
increase in
effective stress
mechanical
compaction
the volume
of pores.
damage the
deposit
crushing
grains
closing
fractures
provide
a boost
improves
oil recovery.
Other Methods
for Enhanced
main improved
recovery methods:
Thermal
processes:
increase oil
temperature
and viscosity.
(a) Steam
injection
recovery for
heavy oil
tar sand
(b) On-site
combustion.
partially
burn oil
gas from
coa
l.
Chemical
processes
(a) Caustic
(alkaline) injections:
reduce
surface
tension
(b) Polymers
in water:
increase
viscosity
water
rupture.
Injection of several
types of gas:
increases the
miscibility
hydrocarbon
phases.
example
carbon dioxide
neutral gases.
Water
Injection
Water is
injected
the tank
the oil
produced
maintain a
high pressure
the tank
Well-to-Well
Tracers
tracers
the flow
rate
water
phase
calculated.
must
remain
water
adsorbed on
minerals
Many of
the tracers
radioactive
with β
radiation.
to an
with a
will
experience
because
is quickly
from
into
to replace
and thus
in
has a
will
expand as
to the
will be
is
the
can cause
reducing
This can
by
and
or
that
There are
three
processes
that
to produce
to prevent
of
allow
of the
to be
dissolved in
and must
not be
are
but
only
BY: ARENALES JIIMENEZ ADRIAN*
IQA
