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effusions - Coggle Diagram
effusions
exudate
septic exudate
common diseases
pyothorax
degenerate neutrophils are the predominant cell type
non-septic exudate
common diseases
feline infectious peritonitis
neoplasia
diaphragmatic hernia
lung lobe torsion
resolving septic exudate
foreign body
bile peritonitis
pancreatitis
steatitis
uroperitoneum
ischaemic necrosis of spleen, lung or other tissues due to torsion or vascular lesions
cell types
neutrophils
macrophages
eosinophils
lymphocytes
5TNCC x 109/L
25 protein g/L
pathologic mechanism: increased vascular permeability to plasma proteins
Pure and modified transudate
pure
<1TNCC x 109/L
<25 g/L protein
(low protein conc and low nucleated cell counts)
main cell type is mononuclear cells, composed of macrophages, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells
modified
1-5TNCC x 109/L
25 protein g/L
primary cell types include neutrophils and mononuclear cells
common diseases
right sided heart failure
pericardial disease
hypoalbuminaemia
neoplasia
diaphragmatic hernia
formed as a result of...
increased hydrostatic pressure
can occur in conjunction with right sided congestive heart failure or pericardial disease
decreased plasma oncotic pressure
can occur as a result of hypoalbuminaemia
subcutaneous oedema may be present in dependent areas of the body
decreased production of albumin in liver disease
increased loss of albumin in protein losing enteropathy or glomerulopathy
lymphatic obstruction
can be caused by neoplasia or diaphragmatic hernias
chylous effusion (chylothorax)
leakage of fluid (lipid-rich lymph) from the thoracic duct
causes
idiopathic
congenital
secondary
trauma
neoplasia
cardiac disease
pericardial disease
dirofilariasis
lung lobe torsion
diaphragmatic hernia
haemorrhagic effusion
common diseases
trauma
bleeding disorder
neoplasia
lung lobe torsion
leakage of blood from vessels