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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Coggle Diagram
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
clinical manifestations
Chronic cough
Dyspnea
Sputum production.
Weight loss
pathophysiology
There is an increase in the number of goblet cells and enlarged submucosal glands leading to hypersecretion of mucus
Due to the chronic inflammation, changes and narrowing occur in the airways
Scar formation. This can cause scar formation in the long term and narrowing of the airway lumen.
The chronic inflammatory process affects the pulmonary vasculature and causes thickening of the vessel lining and hypertrophy of smooth muscle.
An inflammatory response occurs throughout the proximal and peripheral airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature.
causes
Genetic abnormalities
occupational dust and chemicals, indoor air pollution, and outdoor air pollution
smoking
definition
is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs
diagnostic procedure
CT scan
Arterial blood gases
Chest x-ray
Sputum culture
Electrocardiogram
treatment
pharmacological
Corticosteroids
antibiotic agents
Bronchodilators
Oxygen therapy
surgery
Lung Transplantation
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
nursing careplan
nursing intervention
encourage the patient to Pursed lip breathing helps slow expiration
administer oxygen therapy as prescribed
administer bronchodilators and corticosteriods as prescribed
nursing diagnosis
Ineffective breathing pattern
Impaired gas exchange
Ineffective airway clearance