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Emotional & Cognitive Socialization Outcomes - Coggle Diagram
Emotional & Cognitive Socialization Outcomes
Values
Types of values
Particular Society values
Basic human values
Factors which influence values
Societal perceptions
Personal perceptions
Values clarification
: discovering what is personally worthwhile in life
Attitudes
Development of Attitudes
Phase I
around age 2 1/2 - 3
awareness of cultural differences
Phase II
around age 4
orientation toward specific cultural concepts
Phase III
around age 7
attitudes toward various cultural groups
Changing Attitudes about Diversity
Increase positive intercultural contact
(working together)
Vicarious intercultural contact
(stories, media)
Perceptual differentiation
(being conditioned to notice differences in culturally diverse faces)
Prejudice
Influenced by stereotyping
Steps to prejudice
1)
Awareness
of differences
2)
Identification:
labeling & classifying people based on physical characteristics
3)
Attitude
: Thoughts & feelings form opinions
4)
Preference
of one characteristic over another
5)
Prejudice
: hostile feelings, opinions, & actions towards particular characteristics
Influences on attitude development
Family
Modeling:
emulating attitudes of adults
Instruction:
Assimilation of stereotypical & prejudicial comments of adults
Reinforcement & Punishment:
adaptation of positive & negative associations
Peers:
group acceptance
Mass Media
TV & Movies
Books
Community
: customs & traditions
School
gender specific activities
teacher expectations
classroom organization
Motives & Attributions
Mastery Motivation:
inborn motive to explore, understand, & control one's environment
Achievement Motivation
: learned motivation to achieve competency
Intrinsic:
result of cognitive or emotional maturity
Extrinsic
: Socially mediated
Attribution
: explanation for one's performance
Achievement Motivation
Locus of Control
Internal
I am responsible for my own fate
mastery-oriented attribution
failure = lack of effort
External
Others or outside forces control my fate
learned-helpless orientation
failure = lack of ability
Factors influencing expectation of success
history of success vs failure
perception of task difficulty
attributions for performance
Self-Efficacy
Factors that contribute
empowerment:
I have control over things that affect me
achievement motivation
internal locus of control
self-attribution of success/failure
actual experiences of success
vicarious experiences of success
encouragement & feedback
Strategies to improve children's self-efficacy
instruction in specific learning strategies
assistance with short & long-term goal setting
rewarding for mastery of tasks
encouragement
positive role models of efficacious behavior
Definition
: belief that one can master a situation & produce positive outcomes
Personal agency:
realizing one's actions cause outcomes
Self-Esteem
Multidimensional
scholastic competence
athletic competence
social competence
physical appearance
behavioral conduct
global self-worth
Definition
: the value one places on one's identity
Factors that contribute
Significance
: one's perception of being loved & cared about
Competence:
How well one can perform tasks they care about
Virtue
: ability to maintain moral & ethical standards
Power:
control or influence over self & others
Influences on self-esteem development
Family
Warm, accepting, affectionate parents
strict but non-coercive discipline
democratic family: opinions matter
Parents' child-rearing reflects the culture
School
enable feelings of acceptance
opportunities for autonomy
support success: clear limits, praise, learn from mistakes, etc...
support positive peer interactions
opportunities for responsibility
peers
Mass media
advertising
social media
Community