Seed Plants I

Lignophytes: one group of plants that gave rise to monophyletic group of woody plants

Spermatophytes: after lignophytes; seeds originated and stablished seed plants

Manoxylic Wood: some plants produce this small amount of very soft, spongy, parenchymatous wood

Pyncoxylic Wood: consists of hard strong wood with little parenchyma

Gymnosperms: plants with naked ovules; ovules located on flat sporophylls (pine cones) gymnosperm

Angiosperms: flowering plants with carpals; believed to be sporophylls that form a tube like closed structure angiosperm

Progymnosperms: third group to evolve from trimerophytes; Now extinct. named because of conifers, cyads, etc. progymnosperm

Aneurophytales: contains the more relictual progymnosperms (Aneurophyton, Protopteridium, Proteokalon, Tetraxylopteris, Triloboxylon, and Eospermatopteris)

Varied in stature from shrubs to large trees up to 12m tall

Archaeopteridales: more derived progymnosperm; trees up to 8.4m tall with abundant wood and secondary phloem

Integument: tissue that surrounded megasporangium and projected it upward

Micropyle: a hole in the integument that permitted the sperm cells to swim to the egg cells after the megaspore had developed into a megagametophyte and had produced eggs

Pollen Chamber: the space at the top of the megasporagium where the microspores settled (holding area) pollen chamber

Seed Ferns: form a grade rather than a clade; any woody plant with fern like foliage that bore seeds instead of sori on its leaves

Long Shoots: tiny papery leaves occur on here

Short Shoots: produce the familiar long needles leaves

Simple Cones: pollen cones; has a single short unbranched axis that bears microsporophylls

Compound Cones: consists of a shoot with axillary buds

Cone Bracts: short axis that bears leaves

Ovuliferous Scale: forms by axillary bud and its megasporophylls fusing laterally ovuliferous scale

Anthophytes: gnetophytes and flowering plants constitutes two sister clades with a common ancestor