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Adolescent Development and Health - Coggle Diagram
Adolescent Development and Health
Health
Physical
The Adolescent brain continues to develop, crucial to learning & growth mindset (Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, 2012)
Limbic system, which is important in emotions and rewards processing is hypersensitive (Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, 2012)
Mental and Emotional
According to census data of TDSB, feeling of connectedness and trustworthy relationships with teachers in students has reduced
Supporting Minds
Document: approximately 1 in 5 children and youth have a mental health concern. This affects child's well-being, education, relationships and success. Schools and educators have an important role in prevention, early intervention and directing them to appropriate resources
Students from marginalized communities including immigrant communities are reported be more affected by mental health issues. Importance of intersectionality.
Critique: Perhaps not sufficient information on the mental health concerns of LGBTQ2S+ youth.
Some terms used are inappropriate
"Committing Suicide" instead of "Death by suicide". "Indigenous persons" instead of "Aboriginals"
"Managing mental health" instead of "dealing with mental health"
Mental Health is not the absence of mental illness (Promoting Mental Health, Finding a Shared Language, CAMH)
A mentally healthy community encourages good mental health. For adolescents that could mean neighborhoods, schools, teachers, parents, friends etc (Promoting Mental Health, Finding a Shared Language, CAMH)
Sexual (Toronto Teen Survey Report)
Sexually transmitted diseases among youth are on the rise
Youth With Disabilities (Advocates for Youth Article)
Lack of sexual services for youth with disabilities.
You with disabilities are more vulnerable to sexual abuse, especially those with developmental disabilities
Not enough culturally responsive services on sexual health
.Sexual Health education is a right. Knowledge on sexual health among youth has reduced
Too much focus on biology and less room for discussion and other perspectives
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy/6 characteristics
Inclusive Design: Puts identity in the centre of conversation and asks educators to consider who children are (Chanicka, 2018)
6) Culturally Responsive Teaching Practices
5) Deep Knowledge of Students
1) Socio-cultural Consciousness
4) Constructivist Approach
3) Desire to Make a Difference
2) High Expectations
Sense of Belonging At School (SEBAS)
The need to form and maintain at least a minimum number of interpersonal relationships based on trust, acceptance, love and support
Positive disciplinary school climate and teacher-parents support promote SEBAS
Socio-economically advantaged students showed more connectedness to school than students who are less advantaged
Higher SEB results in higher self esteem, academic motivation and achievement. Dependent on social desirability and social groups
Identities and Intersectionalities
The Danger of a Single Story:
This leads to stereotype formation and it doesn't mean stereotypes are stories that are untrue but rather stories that are incomplete, (Adichie, 2009)
Gender, Sexuality, Sexual Orientation
Students who identify as trans are at more risk for harassment and discrimination is is often overlooked
Gender, as a social construct
Gender is not binary, it is a spectrum. ("Gender is not a Straight Line" TEDx talk by Charlie Hobman)
Gender Performativity (Butler's Theory of Gender performativity: Attributing certain roles and behaviour to people based on their biological sex
Youth from the 2SLGBTQ+ community face more discrimination and harassment than their peers. More risk of being homeless due to mistreatment from family
Poverty and Homelessness
Marginalized students are most affected by poverty. (For example, Indigenous children, racialized children, children of immigrants single parent families and children with disabilities or parents with disabilities (Wolanski, 2017)
Children in low income families have poorer outcomes in development and education (Wolanski, 2017)
Children in low income families are more likely to be involved with the criminal justice system, face unemployment, develop health concerns and experience food insecurity (Wolanski, 2017)
Homelessness
Most homeless youth do not choose to be homeless
Reasons for Homelessness
Exiting Welfare system
Discrimination
Abuse
Homophobia
Poverty
Race
Anti-Black racism
" Adultification Bias" towards of Black youth, including sexualization especially of female identifying Black youth in the classroom and with criminal justice (Lockhart, 2019)
Second Generation Segregation
Black youth are streamed into lower education tracks as a result of prejudice and systemic factors (Maynard, 2017)
Texts and content learned (specifically historical) show inaccurate or lack representations of Black persons (James, 2019) For example: The portrayal of Black characters in the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird"
Discrimination against students from Indigenous communities
Students carry intergenerational trauma from residential schooling and other discrimination
Students show lower success in education and career compared to other groups (Hare & Pidgeon, 2011)
Harmful stereotypes still take form in today's reality especially in the education system. (Dion, 2014, video)
White supremacy and colonial effects on racialized groups
Microaggressions: biases against marginalized groups of people leaving them feeling hurt/uncomfortable. Can have detrimental effects on people's mental and physical health (Desmond-Harris, 2015)
Newcomer Youth (Kilbride et al, 2003)
Recognizing traumatic pre-migration experiences and conditions
Stigma around "ESL" learners from other students
Teachers were reported to ignoring the potentials of new comer students
Youth have higher changes of being bullied and harassed, leading to detrimental affects on mental health
Land Acknowledgement
More info
Indigenous Ways of Knowing/7 Principles
4) Wisdom
5) Humility
3) Bravery
7) Truth
2) Love
6) Honesty
1) Respect
What can educators do?
To Promote SEBAS
Relationship Building/RHYTHM
Respect, Humility, Youthfulness, Timing, Honesty, Meaning
Forms of Curriculum: Official vs. Hidden vs. Null
Collaboration with Caregivers and Community members
Honour Names
For Anti-Racist/Anti Oppressive Frameworks
Critically analyse texts historical or not to ensure representation of marginalized/racialized groups
Check own biases, to not only eliminate microaggressions and create safe, equitable spaces (Desmond -Harris, 2015)
Acknowledge intersectionality and interacting with groups from different racial backgrounds (Desmond-Harris, 2015)
Address any racist comments right away (according to best judgement). Not to be ignored
Don't look away, look towards the "unknown" about someone's background. Listen to our students. (Dion, 2014, video)
Celebrating Joy in the context of marginalized groups
Participate in ensuring the accessibility of holistic, culturally responsive services
Collaborate with families and community members
To Support Mental Health Concerns
Recognize signs of mental health concerns in youth (Supporting Minds, 2013)
Advocating for culturally responsive mental health services based on school culture/community
To keep students and families informed of services (break stigma)
To support 2SLGBTQ+ (Blackburn & McCready, 2009) (Airton, 2019)
Support programs such as Gay-Straight alliance
Anti-discriminatory programs that address homophobia and discrimination considering intersectionality
Provide opportunities for student campaigns
Teach like it is a given that your students relationship with gender is ambivalent and will change over time. (Personal note: Might need to consider being culturally sensitive and contextual)
To Support Youth Poverty and Homelessness
Practice Equity Literacy :Addressing poverty and homeless with an equity approach instead of blaming students and families for their situation
Holistic Approaches: School as Community Hub Model:(Wolanski, 2017)
Be aware of signs, spread awareness about youth homelessness inside and outside the classroom (in the community). Stay informed of appropriate services to direct youth to. Some Signs and tips for educators:
Signs and Tips
For Youth Activism
Get to know students and what they care about (listen!)
Community Leader guest speakers
Talk about examples of resistance and run events to encourage activism
Voices of Youth
5 Young Canadian Activists on Doing the Work and Impact of COVID-19
Iqaluit woman's daily social media videos offer Inuit-specific 'reasons to stay alive'
Leaders of Colour
Teens Suing Canada to Stop a Pipeline
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvoguiY-Qmo
