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Chapter 6 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6
Signing systems
Because of Stokoe, more research went into ASL which led to proliferation of sign systems. Though most died out over time, we still see things like SEE sign and PSE
Rochester Method: every letter of communication is fingerspelled and students were expected to lipread and read the fingerspelling simultaneously.
Combined Method: Used mostly after the Milan conference when a lot of schools moved towards oral teachings. The underlying philosophy is the method should fit the child, not the child fit the method.
SEE 1: Seeing Essential English: Developed by a deaf teacher. Used one sign for one word regardless of meaning. EX: RIGHT turn right & right about something had the same sign but different meanings.
SEE 2: Signing Exact English: developed by a deaf woman. Uses ASL signs but along with some rules for SEE 1. Also added pronouns and affixes.
LOVE: Linguistics of Visual English: developed by a deaf man. Uses one sign for each printed word, some additional signs for plurals and nouns. Developed signs using the first letter of the word as part of the sign. Sign for WORK, uses F handshape in FUNCTION, O handshape for OPERATION, etc.
PSE: Pidgin Signed English: simplest form of manual English. Uses ASL but in English word order. Signs for articles still not used. Sometimes used in the Deaf community for clarity/full comprehension.
SE: Signed English: developed by a hearing English Professor at Gallaudet University. Invented many initialized signs. Some educator believe that it would help improve written and spoken English skills.
SIMCOM: Simultaneous Communication: signing and speaking at the same time. The biggest problem is that one language always suffers - usually sign language. Continue speaking and stop signing, skip signs, sloppy fingerspelling, signing unclear. It's impossible to coherently speak two languages at once.
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Variation in Signing
Refers to people who have different ways of saying the same thing. EX: people who say sofa v. couch or soda v. pop
Signing variation can stem from region, gender, age, ethnicity, etc. Older folks may use older signs.
Sometimes Black signers have different signs from white signers and this is thought to be due to segration and the lack of contact between the deaf communities.
Signs are also influenced by time as discussed earlier. Phone has shifted from two hands in S shapes to incorporate cell phones. As technology advances, so do signs.
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