Neurological disorder
Stroke 
Definition : It is a sudden loss of brain function resulting from a disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain.
Causes
Pathophysiology
Decreased cerebral blood flow. The ischemic cascade begins when cerebral blood flow decreases to less than 25 mL per 100g of blood per minute.
Aerobic respiration. At this point, neurons are unable to maintain aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration. The mitochondria would need to switch to anaerobic respiration, which generates large amounts of lactic acid, causing a change in pH and rendering
Loss of function. The membrane pumps that maintain electrolyte balances fail and the cells cease to function.
The neurons incapable of producing sufficient quantities of ATP.
Large artery thrombosis.
Small penetrating artery thrombosis.
Cardiogenic emboli.
Clinical manifestations
Loss of peripheral vision
Hemiparesis
Change in mental status
Ataxia
Numbness of the face
Dysarthria
Parastesia
Health education
Keep your blood pressure low
Eat healthy food
Lower your cholesterol
Regular exercises
Manage diabetes
Stop smoking
Avoid stress
Diagnostic findings
MRI
Cerebral angiography
PET scan
Lumber puntcher
CT scan
Nursing assessment
Change in level of consciousness or responsiveness.
Presence or absence of voluntary or involuntary movements of extremities.
Stiffness or flaccidity of the neck.
Eye opening, comparative size of pupils, and pupillary reaction to light.
Color of the face and extremities; temperature and moisture of the skin.
Ability to speak.
Presence of bleeding.
Maintenance of blood pressure.
Nursing care plan
Position to prevent contractures, relieve pressure, attain good body alignment, and prevent compressive neuropathies.
Apply splint at night to prevent flexion of the affected extremity.
Prevent adduction of the affected shoulder with a pillow placed in the axilla.
Elevate affected arm to prevent edema and fibrosis.
Exercise is helpful in preventing venous stasis, which may predispose the patient to thrombosis and pulmonary embolus.
Approach patient with a decreased field of vision on the side where visual perception is intact.
Consult with a speech therapist to evaluate gag reflexes and assist in teaching alternate swallowing techniques.