Chromatin genetic material consisting of DNA . When cell's not dividing chromatin is spread out. When cell's about to divide chromatin coils tightly into chromosomes.

Nucleus surrounded by double membrane - nuclear envelope. Some regions have inner and outer membrane fuse together to allow ribosomes through.

The nucleus is the control centre of the cell, stores the organism's genome, transmits genetic information, provides the instructions for protein synthesis.

System of membranes containing fluid filled cavities coated in ribosomes.

System of membranes containing fluid filled cavities but have no ribosomes.

Intracellular transport system cisternae form channels for transporting substances to other parts of cell.

Contains enzymes that catalyse reactions involved with lipid metabolism:
-Synthesis of cholestrol
-Synthesis of lipids
-Synthesis of steroid hormones
Involved in absorption, synthesis and transport of lipids.

Stack of membrane bound flattened sacs. Secretory valves bring materials to and from the Golgi

Proteins are modified by: -adding sugar molecules to make glycoproteins -adding lipid molecules to make lipoproteins -being folded into their 3D shape

Proteins packaged into vesicles that are pinched off then:
-Stored in the cell
-Moved to plasma membrane to be incorporated in the plasma membrane or exported outside the cell

Spherical, rod-shaped or branched. Surrounded by two membranes with fluid filled space between. Inner fluid is a fluid filled matrix.

Mitochondria are site of ATP production. Self-replicating so if cell needs more energy they can increase. Abundant in cells where much metabolic activity takes place.

Large organelles 4-10 um. Only found in plant cells and surrounded by double membrane or envelope. Inner membrane is continuous with stacks of flattened membrane sacs - thylakoids which contain chlorophyll. Stack of thylakoid called granum. Fluid filled matrix is stroma.

Only plant cells have vacuole. Filled with water and solutes and maintains cell stability - when full pushes against cell wall, making cell turgid.

Small bags formed from Golgi, surrounded by a single membrane. Contains digestive enzymes and are abundant in phagocytic cells.

Engulf old cell organelles and foreign matter, digest them and return digested components to cell for reuse.

Small spherical organelles, 20 nm diameter. Made of ribosomal RNA and produced in the nucleolus as two subunits which when passed through nuclear envelope combine.

Two bundles of microtubules are right angles. Made of tubulin protein subunits to form a cylinder.

Synthesising proteins bound to RER and site of assembly of proteins when free in cytoplasm.

Network of protein structures in cytoplasm: Made of micro-filaments, internediate filaments, cyndrical microtubules and cycloskeletal motor proteins.

Give support and mechanical strength, allow cell movement, help substances and organelles move through cytoplasm.

Provide strength and support, maintain the plant's shape and are permeable to allow solutions to pass through.

Cell wall of plants on the outside of plasma membrane - bundles of cellulose fibres.