Myocardial infarction 
Definition
An irreversible myocardial cell necrosis caused by prolonged ischaemia
Causes
Coronary artery emboli
Coronary trauma
Ventricular hypertrophy
Arteritis, primary coronary vasospasm and drug use
Clinical manifestations
Nausea and vomiting
Chest pain lasting for more 30 + minutes
Dyspnoea
Shock
Chest pain radiating to the left arm
Sweating
Medical management
Anti-platelets agents
Percutaneous transluminal coronal angioplasty
Thrombolytic therapy to dissolve clot
Coronary artery bypass graft
Diagnostic tests
The 12-lead ECG studies
The heart rate and rhythm
Nursing management
Administer nitrates as prescribed
Administer oxygen therapy
Monitor and record vital signs 2-4 hourly
Provide rest to facilitate the healing process
Assess for vomiting and nausea
Provide quiet environment
Assess for chest pain and its duration
Provide calm activities and relaxation techniques
Rehabilitation
Create a therapeutic environment
Teach the activities of daily living