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Block 1: Big ideas in organisations - Coggle Diagram
Block 1: Big ideas in organisations
Innovation
Types of innovations
conceptual innovation
services innovation
Policy innovation
service delivery innovatio
systemic innovation
Four main innovation taks
Idea realisation
Idea generation
Coalition building
Transfer or diffusion
The marketing environment
Macro
PESTLE
Micro
Focus on customers
Competitive advantage
Differentiation
Cost Focus
Cost leadership
Differentiation Focus
Flow of innovation
Concept screening
Preliminary design
Concept generation
Evaluation and improvement
Pro-typing and final design
Segmentation and targeting
The marketing mix
Pricing
Place
People
Physical evidence
Process
Promotion
Ways to segment the market
Demographic segmentation
Geographic variables
Psychographic variables
Behaviourable Variables
Sources
Deffras segmentaion
Encourage pro environmental behaviour
Kotlet and armstrong
Substantial
Measure
Actionable
Assessable
Differentiable
Positioning
Clarity
Consistency
Credibility
Competitiveness
Operations
Operations management
Transformational process
Material processing
Information processing
Customer processing
Transformational Change
Possession transformation
Physical transformation
Storage transformation
Informational transformation
Location transformation
Physiological transformation
Hayes and wheelwright four stage model
Operations strategy
Models
Polar diaghram
Market reconciliation model
Operations strategy market influence model
Product life cycle
Four categories of operations strategy
Supply chain design and integration decisions
Workforce and organisation decisions
Technology adoptions decisions
Capacity and facility decision
Focused operations
By market segmenation
Concentrating on one specific performance objective
By volume
by technology speciality
Product and service design
Process design
Four basic types of layout
Functional layout
Product layout
Fixed position layout
Hybrid and mixed layouts
Main types of manufacturing processes
Continuous processes
Professional services
Mass processes
Mass services
Batch processes
Jobbing processes
Project processes
Walley (2017)
Six principles design thinking
No idea is too wild
Collaborate
Understand the user
Test your ideas
Reframe ideas
See the bigger picture
Other aspects
Aesthetics
Reliability
Durability
Produce-ability
functionality
Maintainability
Walley (2017) The Design Council ‘double diamond’ framework
Phase 2: Define
Phase 3: Develop
Phase 1: Discover
Phase 4: Deliver
Schneider and Hall (2011) found five main reasons for the failure of new product launches
The company cannot support the growth
The product is launched too soon
The product does not have sufficient appeal to the market
The customer does not understand the product
There is no market for the product despite its novel featurest
Johnston and Clark (2005) identify five elements of the service concep
The service outcome
The service operation
The service experience
The value of the service
The organising idea
Raising finance
Forms of finance
Retained earnings
Working capital management
Debt factoring
Bank overdrafts
Bank facilities
Leasing
Equity Finance
Risk of finance from investor perspective
Medium Risk
Overdraft
Loan stock or debentures, bonds, bank loans
Preference shares
Convertible loan stock or debentures
Low risk
Leasing
High risk
Creditors
Ordinary shares
Risk of finance from business perspective
Medium risk
Leasing
Loan stock or debentures, bonds, bank loans
Preference shares
Creditors
Convertible loan stock or debentures
Low risk
Ordinary shares
High risk
Overdraft
Equity finance
Nominal fiance
Bid to offer spread
Types of shares
Share warrants
Preference shares
Ordinary shares
Choice within politics
The competing values framwork
The frame work
Security
Personal utility
Collectivity
Autonomy
Two kinds of interest groups
Functional
Ideological
Trade
Trade policies
affect some countries more than other
hardest hit are less developed countries
low-skill, labour-intensive products that industrialised countries
The World Trade Organisation referees international trade
promote non-discrimination
facilitate further liberalisation
Trade has become more stable, more transparent, and more open
Why countries trade
Economics
Comparative advantage
trade raises the living standards of both countries
Types of Tarrif
a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports
import taxes
Outsourcing
Top reasons to outsource
Reduce Costs
Improve Focus
Increase variable cost element
Access to skills
Grow revenue
Improve quality
Conserve capital
Innovate
Risks
Distance
Legal systems
Currency
Political or economic instability
Quality and reliability of services
Language and culture
damage to the brand
Marketing