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INFECTIONS OF CERTAIN BODY SITES - Coggle Diagram
INFECTIONS OF CERTAIN BODY SITES
bloodstream infections
causes of the infections: bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses
effects: shock, multiple organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or even death
bloodstream infections: intravascular vs extravascular
intravascular: originate in the cardiovascular system - infective endocarditis, mycotic aneurysm, suppurative thrombophlebitis, intravenous catheter-associated bacteremia
extravascular: enter circulation through the lymphatic system - enter circulation through the lymphatic system and common portals of entry at the genoitourinary tract, respiratory tract, abc
infections of the lower respiratory system
virulence factors: adherence, production of toxins, increased growth that may cause tissue damage, avoiding the host immune response, ability to disseminate
transmission: 1) upper airway colonization or infection that extends into the lung 2) aspiration of organisms 3) inhalation of airborne droplets containing the organism 4) seeding of the lung via the blood from a distant site of infection
diseases: bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, pleural infections
chronic lower respiratory tract infections: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, fungi and parasites, cystic fibrosis
specimen collection: sputum (expectorated), sputum (induced), endotracheal suction specimens (Lukens trap), bronchoscopy, transtracheal aspirates
culture: 5% sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, chocolate agar
infections of the upper respiratory system
diseases: laryngitis, epiglottitis, parotitis
fusobacterium (Vincent's angina & Peritonsillar abscesses), Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bordetella pertussis
infection of the pharynx: pharyngitis
infections of the oral cavity: stomatitis, thrush, periodontal infections (root canal infections, orofacial odontogenic infections, perimandibular space infections)
infections of the central nervous system
routes of infection: hematogenous spread, direct spread from infectcted site, anatomic defects in CNS structures, along nerves leading to the brain
meningitis: perulent and aseptic
acute
symptoms: fever, stick neck, change in mental status
bacterial meningitis: increased PMN leukocytes, decreased glucose in CSF, increased protein in CSF
chronic
often occurs in patients who are immunocompromised
symptoms: same as acute
lab results: increased in lymphocytes in the CSF, elevated CSF protein, decreased CSF glucose
specimen collection and transport
CSF is collected via a lumbar puncture
3-4 tubes are collected: one for chemistry, two for culture, and three to four for cell count and differential
CSF is immediate sent to the lab