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Phylum Echinodermata - Coggle Diagram

- - - - absent in Ophiuroidea
- - - - internally located in Holothurians
      - aboral surface of Asteroids
      - absent in Crinoids
      - visible externally
- - - - straight
        
        Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea
      - coiled
        
        Crinoidea, Echinoidea and Holothurians
      - stomach
      - intestine
      - esophagus
      - respiratory treest in Holothurians
      - Pyloric ceca and digestive enzymes in asteroids
  - - - permanent
      - seasonal
      - unique in all classes
        
        Crinoidea
        
        outside the main body cavity
        
        fill arms or pinnules
        
        Echinoidea
        
        gonophore ducts
        
        Holothurians
        
        single gonad
        
        Ophiuroidea
        
        sides of bursa
        
        Asteroidea
        
        paired in arms
- - - - most common in larval stages
      - Class Echioidea - Sand dollars
    - - adults
      - mostly in all classes
      - evident in the arrangement of the tube feet
    - - Class Echioidea - sea urchins
  - - - mouth
        
        oral surface
        
        Except holothurians - anterior end
      - anus
        
        oral surface
        
        Class Crinoidea
        
        aboral surface
        
        Class Asteroidea
        
        Class Echinoidea
        
        not present
        
        Class Ophiuroidea
        
        posterior end
        
        Class Holothurians
      - Class Crinoidea
        
        variable # of arms
        
        5-100
        
        each has two rows of pinnules
        
        supported on a stem or stalk
        
        sea lillies
        
        Use cirri
        
        feather stars
      - Class Asteroidea
        
        Central disk
        
        contains five arms or more
        
        contains major internal organs
      - Class Ophiuroidea
        
        Small central disk
        
        radiate five arms
        
        contains large internal organs
        
        coiled like tentacles
      - Class Echinoidea
        
        spherical - sea urchins
        
        elongated
        
        disk-shaped - sand dollars
        
        roughly spherical
        
        Aristotle's lantern
      - Class Holothurians
        
        elongated
        
        soft-bodied
- - - - lacks in Ophiuroidea and Crinoidea
    - - spines
      - pedicellariae
    - - clacreous skeleton
      - connective tissues
      - longitudinal and circular muscles
  - - - fluid-filled cavity with major organs
        
        digestive tube
        
        sex organs
- - - - sides of the arms of Class Ophiuroidea (bristle stars)
      - present in Asteroidea
      - Covers the entire body surface of sea urchins
    - - Reduced in Echinoidea
      - Aboral surface and arms of Ophiuroidea
      - Embedded in muscular walls of Holothurians
      - Covers cup-shaped calyx in Crinoidea
      - Forms cirri in feather stars
    - - works very closely with spines
      - found only in asteroids, echinoids