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Structure of atom, Periodic Table - Coggle Diagram
Structure of atom
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present in 3 forms:solid,liquid and gas
different in terms of particle arrangment,movement between particles,attraction between particles and energy content
will under go process melting, freezing, boiling, condensation and sublimation
Periodic Table
group 1
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Group one elements share common characteristics. They are all soft, silver metals.
Due to their low ionization energy, these metals have low melting points and are highly reactive.
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Alkali metals are noted for how vigorously they react with water. Due to this, they are often stored in mineral oil and are not found in their elemental forms in nature
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Group 17
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the halogen elements have seven valence electrons, they only require one additional electron to form a full octet.
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The halogens often form single bonds, when in the -1 oxidation state, with carbon or nitrogen in organic compounds
When a halogen atom is substituted for a covalently-bonded hydrogen atom in an organic compound, the prefix halo- can be used in a general sense, or the prefixes fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, or iodo- can be used for specific halogen substitutions
Lastly, the halogens are also relevant in daily life, whether it be the fluoride that goes in toothpaste, the chlorine that disinfects drinking water, or the iodine that facilitates the production of thyroid hormones in one's body
Group 2
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ln the elements in Group 2 have two electrons in their valence shells, giving them an oxidation state of +2.
This enables the metals to easily lose electrons, which increases their stability and allows them to form compounds via ionic bonds.
Group 18
- Atomic radius (atomic size)
The atomic radii (atomic sizes) of noble gases increase when going down Group 18 from helium to radon.
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- Melting and boiling points
All noble gases have very low melting and boiling points. They exist as gases at room temperature and pressure.
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This is because noble gases consist of single atoms (monoatomic molecules) held together by weak van der Waals forces of attraction.
Only a small amount of heat energy is required to overcome the weak interatomic forces of attraction during melting and boiling
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This is because the atomic sizes of the noble gases increase when going down the group from helium to radon, thus the van der Waals forces of attraction between the atoms become stronger.
Hence, more heat energy is required to overcome the stronger interatomic forces of attraction during melting and boiling.
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