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PERIODIC TABLE, STRUCTURE OF ATOMS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Increases across a period and decreases down
        the group due to the same reason
    - - Decrease in atomic radius
      - Decreases across a period with increase in number of valence electron
      - Increase down the gruop with increases in the number of shells and atomic radius
    - - Distance between an atom's nucleus and its valance electrons in an atom
      - The atomic radius usually increases while going down a gruop due to the addition of a new energy level (shell)
      - Tends to decrease as one progresses across a period from left to right because the effective nuclear charge increase,thereby attracting the orbiting electrons and reducing the raduis
    - - Plays a very large role in the processes of
        Chemical Bonding
      - The ability of an atom to attract the electrons of anotjer atom to it when those 2 atoms are associated through a bond
      - Increases moving across a period and decreases moving down a gruop
    - - Different from the atomic radius of an element
      - Posotive ions are smaller than the uncharged atoms
      - Negetive ions are large than their atoms
    - - Change little moving down a group, however they
        do generally become slightly more positive (less attractive toward electrons)
      - Becoming increasingly from left to right
      - The energy gained by an atom when an electron is added
    - - Decreases moving down a group (increasingatomic radius)
      - Increase moving from left to right across a period
        (decreasing atomic radius)
      - Ionization potential is the minimum amount of energy required to remove once electron from each atoms
- - - - Physical Properties
        
        Soft, easily cut
        
        shiny and silvery when freshly cut
        
        Good conductors of heat and electricity
        
        Low melting & boiling points
        
        Low densities
      - Trends in Physical
        Properties
        
        Melting & boiling points decrease down the group
        
        Densities increase down the group
      - Chemical Properties
        
        Alkali metals are very reactive
        
        Stored in oil to prevent reaction with air and moisture
        
        Reacts with cold water to form alkali and hydrogen
        gas
        
        Reactivity increases down the group
        
        Alkali metals are good reducing agents
        
        Each alkali metals loses its valence electron easily
        to attain a noble gas structure
  - - - Cu, Fe, Cr, Ti & Sc
      - Most transition metals form compounds with
        distinctive colors
      - Most are ductile, malleable and good conductor of heal and electric current
  - - - Physical Properties
        
        Low melting and boiling points
        
        Coloured
        
        Melting and boiling points increases down the group
        
        Colour intensity increases down the group
      - Chemical Properties
        
        Reactive with a high tendency to attract one or more electron to attain stable octet configuration
        
        Halogens are powerful oxidising
        agents
        
        Exist as covalent, diatomic
        molecules
        
        Halogens undergo
        displacement reactions
  - - - Physical Properties
        
        Colourless and Odourless at room temperature
        
        Insoluble in water
        
        Very low melting and boiling points
      - Chemical Properties
        
        Do not form compounds
        
        Chemically unreactive
        
        Do not gain, lose or share electrons
        
        Exists as monatomic gases