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NEPHROTIC SYNDROME n - Coggle Diagram
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
DEFINITION
• A kidney disorder that causes the body to excrete too much protein in the urine (Guo, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, D.,2018)
MANAGEMENT
SURGERY
• Dialysis catheter insertion
• Arteriovenous fistula creation
• Renal transplantation
PHARMACOLOGICAL
• Immune system-suppressing medications e.g corticosteroids (Guo, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, D.,2018)
• Antihypertensive drugs e.g. vasotec
• Water pills (diuretics).
• Cholesterol-reducing medications
• Anticoagulant e.g warfarin
DIET
• Low salt diet
• Low fat and
• Low cholesterol
• Fruits
• Vegetables
NURSING CARE PLAN
NURSING DAIGNOSIS
SPECIFIC OUTCOME
• Alleviate self-esteem
INTERVENTION
• Provide therapeutic care to the patient
• Assist the client to understand and acceptance
• Be positive at all time referral for counselling
• Ineffective Coping
PREVENTION
• Correct diet
• Control diseases that causes it
• Exercise
NURSING CARE PLAN
NURSING DAIGNOSIS
• Risk For Infection
SPECIFIC OUTCOME
• Risk For Infection
INTERVENTION
• Maintain sterility at all time
• Encourage personal hygiene
• maintain bed making
• Monitor vital signs, pallor, etc
• Administer antibiotics as ordered
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Glomeruli filter your blood as it passes through your kidneys,
• Separating things your body needs from those it doesn't.
• Healthy glomeruli keep blood protein (mainly albumin)
• which is needed to maintain the right amount of fluid in your body
• From seeping into your urine.
• When damaged, glomeruli allow too much blood protein to leave your body, leading to nephrotic syndrome (Guo, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, D.,2018) .
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
• Severe swelling (edema), particularly around your eyes and in your ankles and feet
• Foamy urine, a result of excess protein in your urine
• Weight gain due to fluid retention
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
COMPLICATION
• High blood pressure.
• Acute kidney injury.
• Chronic kidney disease.
• Infections.
• Blood clot
RISK FACTORS
• Medical conditions that can damage your kidneys such as diabetes, lupus, amyloidosis, reflux nephropathy
• Certain medication e.g nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Certain infections e.g HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and malaria
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
• Urine test
• Kidney biopsy (Guo, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, D.,2018)
• Blood test
CAUSES
• Diabetic kidney disease.
• Minimal change disease.
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
• Membranous nephropathy.
• Systemic lupus erythematosus.
