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THE HUMAN CELL, Characteristics, Definition, The endoplasmic reticulum…
THE HUMAN CELL
The organelles
Nucleus
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Centre for the control of cell activity, metabolism, cell growth, protein synthesis and cell division. DNA synthesis ( self-duplication), transcription or production of different types of ribonucleic acids
Endoplasmic reticulum
The ER is made up of elongated sacs, called cisternae, held together by the cytoskeleton. There are two types: rough ER and smooth ER.
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Plasma membrane
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This membrane is predominantly made of phospholipids, which prevent water-based substances from entering the cell
The plasma membrane contains a range of receptors, which carry out a number of tasks
Mitochondria
Play an important role in respiration where they generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from substrates in the presence of oxygen. Using their DNA, mitochondria are able to encode for some of the components they require to perform their functions.
Contain DNA which makes them semiautonomous. Mitochondria also contain a double-membrane with the inner membrane folding to form cristae.
Centriole
Are cylindrical organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. They contain tube-shaped molecules known as microtubules that help separate chromosomes and move them during cell division.
Lysosome
Conditions inside lysosomes have been shown to be acidic. These conditions are maintained by the lysosome membrane thus providing favorable conditions for the enzymes to perform their functions.
They are membranous organelles that contain acidic enzymes (hydrolase enzymes) that serve to digest various macromolecules (e.g. lipids and nucleic acids) in the cell.
Golgi apparatus
It classifies, matures and transports proteins to three different destinations: lysosomes, membrane and secretory vesicles
Once molecules have been processed by the ER, they travel to the Golgi apparatus
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Functions
The functions of the human cell varies based on the type of cell and its location in the human body.
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Definition
Is a membrane-bound structure that occurs as a functional indepent unit of life, or as the structural or fundamental unit in a biological tissue specialized to perform a particular function in multicellular organism.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) processes molecules within the cell and helps transport them to their final destinations. In particular, it synthesizes, folds, modifies, and transports proteins.
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