The cell
What is a cell?
The cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate contains tiny factories, warehouses, transportation systems and power plants, also create their own energy and self-replicate
Inside the cell
There are different types of cells that have different functions in our body. Despite the differences, they share structures also called organelles. The most important organelles are the following:
* Nucleus: The nucleus contains most of the cell's DNA, it also sends messages to tell the cell to grow, divide, or die. The nucleus is separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane called the nuclear envelope; They have nuclear pores within the membrane that allow small molecules and ions to pass through, while larger molecules need transport proteins to help them pass.
Cell nucleus
The core is mechanically stable and has the ability to resist deformation.
Plasma membrane: The cell is wrapped in this membrane that is composed mainly of phospholipids and a variety of receptors that are gatekeepers, markers, communicators and fasteners. All of these have functions to help the cell.
Cytoplasm: It is inside the cell and surrounds the nucleus, it is composed of 80% water, in which the organelles are and it contains a liquid called cytosol. Here many important cell reactions take place.
The cell nucleus is the site of many important biological functions of the eukaryotic cell. These processes include ribosome transcription, replication, splicing, and biogenesis
The mechanical support and the functional organization of the nucleus are provided by various nuclear subcompartments or nuclear bodies. These facilitate the various nuclear processes, particularly gene expression.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes: Both are enzymes only lysosomes have enzymes that break down large molecules and peroxisomes have enzymes that destroy toxic materials
Cytoskeleton: It helps the cell to maintain its correct shape. It also plays a role in cell division and cell motility, it also helps in endocytosis.
Endoplasmic reticulum:It processes the molecules within the cell and helps transport them to their final destinations. In particular, it synthesizes, folds, modifies and transports proteins. There are two types, the smooth and the rough
Golgi apparatus: It is a cellular organelle that helps in the manufacture and packaging of proteins and lipids, especially those proteins destined to be exported by the cell.
Mitochondria: It helps convert food into energy that the cell can use which is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), it also has functions such as calcium storage and apoptosis
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Nuclear membrane
The nuclear lamina is a structure that is close to the inner nuclear membrane. It is very proteinaceous and fibrillar in appearance. The fibrillar nature of the lamina arises from the basic components of the lamina; laminin proteins.
Ribosomes: A ribosome is a cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome reads the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA) and, using the genetic code, translates the base sequence of the RNA into an amino acid sequence.
Nucleoskeleton
It is a network that supports the entire kernel. It is formed by type V intermediate filaments composed of laminar proteins. It forms an elastic structure near the nuclear periphery and confers a viscoelastic property to the nucleus.
Nuclear pore
Nuclear pores are large protein complexes that form openings in the nuclear membrane. They settle at the point where the inner nuclear membrane fuses with the outer nuclear membrane.
Functions of the Human Cell
Nucleolus
The nucleoli are small spherical bodies that are located in the nucleus; they are generally found in a centralized region, but can be found near the nuclear membrane.
The functions of the cell in our body vary depending on which cell it is and where it is located. All cells have organelles that all work together within them to keep them alive and allow them to perform their function in the human body.
The functions of the cell are nutrition, relationship and reproduction.
Chromosomes
Chromatin is a superstructure formed by the highly organized compaction of cell DNA and associated proteins. Histone proteins are the composite piece of the basic organizational unit of chromatin called the nucleosome. Histones are basic proteins that have a positive charge that allows them to bind to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA.
