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Generalities - Coggle Diagram
Generalities
Notes from the Ministry of Labor
Regarding the computation of the pregnancy leave in the Thirteenth Month.
In this period, the amount that the worker receives under the leave must be considered as wages.
In relation to salary discounts.
The Ministry of Labor indicates that the employer is obliged to make all the discounts allowed or ordered by article 161 of the Labor Code, and may not charge any collection commission except in cases where expressly stated by law (tenants of the IVU ).
Regarding definite time contracts.
If the unforeseen termination of these contracts occurs without just cause of those described in article 213 of the Labor Code, the employer will be obliged to pay the compensation indicated by article 227 of the same legal exception.
However, in the case of operators, even when they have been trained by the employer in the use of the machinery they have to manipulate, the rule set forth in paragraph 1 of article 74 of the main labor law and the maximum term of the hiring applies. It will be one year and its extension makes the relationship one for an indefinite period.
Regarding the alteration of working conditions.
(Situations that even oblige the employer to pay the reasonable expenses of going and return of the worker, in the terms of article 129 of the Labor Code) article 197 of the Patriotic Code.
A Note from the Ministry on reinstatement.
The company has three days, after being notified, to challenge the reimbursement order, but the challenge does not suspend said order, which must necessarily be complied with, under penalty of contempt.
When referring to the 50% surcharge on wages.
The purpose of the surcharge is to compensate workers who work on a day when they should ordinarily rest.
Regarding workers who provide their services to competing establishments.
The labor institution considers that our current legislation contains an express prohibition to abstain from working (article 426 ordinal 12) with another employer within their vacation periods.
Convenios de la Organización Internacional de Trabajo (O.I.T.)
Convention No. 10 relative to the age of admission of children to agricultural work.
Convention No. 11 OIT. On the rights of association and coalition of agricultural workers.
Convention No. 13 of the International Labor Organization relative to the use of white lead in painting.
Convention No. 16 referring to the compulsory medical examination of minors employed on board ships.
Convenio N. 17 OIT. Concerning compensation for accidents at work.
Convention No. 19 of the International Labor Organization that approves equal treatment between foreign and national workers in matters of compensation for work accidents.
Convention No. 29 relative to the establishment of methods for fixing minimum wages.
Anthropological Background
Etymologically, the word anthropology is derived from the Greek root anthropo (man) and from the nominal ending logia (science). Its meaning is science of man.
The place of origin was probably in the tropical highlands of Africa.
Anthropology combines the approaches of the biological and social sciences in a single discipline.
This recent science discovers and describes the physical criteria that differentiate humanity from other living creatures, as well as those that are useful in distinguishing the various varieties within the human family itself.
In 1965, Sir John Lubbock compiled existing data on Stone Age cultures and was the first to draw the now current distinction between Paleolithic or Carved Stone Age and Neolithic or Polished Stone Age cultures.
The first direct evidence of the fossil man, recognized as such, was found in Germany in 1856 and it consisted of the discovery of the Neanderthal man.
Modern anthropology, both in its physical and cultural aspects, began approximately at the beginning of the 20th century.
Needs of the Republic of Panama
In labor matters, our country has many needs, but compared to the other countries of the American continent, we are not behind since the present legislation is very compact, without meaning to say that it is the best and that it does not have any gaps.