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THE VICTORIAN AGE POLITICS - Coggle Diagram
THE VICTORIAN AGE
POLITICS
LIBERAL AND CONSERVATIVE PARTIES
after Prince Albert's death, Queen Victoria withdrew from society
the
Liberal Party
(ex Whigs, Radicals, businessmen) was led by
William Gladstone
the
Conservative Party
(ex Tories) was led by
Benjamin Disraeli
DISRAELI'S GOVERNMENT
Disraeli became Prime Minister in 1868 and 1874
in the
Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Act
: allowed authorities to clear the slums and provided housing for the poors
in the
Public Health Act
: provided sanitation, running water
in the
Factory Act
: limited working hours per week
foreign policy:
Eastern Question
(the decay of the Ottoman Empire, the attempt of Russia to gain power in Europe)
encouraged the prchase of more shares in the Suez Canal Company to protect Britain's route to the East
WILLIAM GLADSTONE
Gladstone became Prime Minister four times (since 1868)
in the
Education Act
: introduced "
board schools
" in the poorer areas (previously school was organised by the Church)
in the
Trade Union Act
(legislation of trade unions) and the
Ballot Act
(introduced the secret ballot)
in the
Third Reform Act
extended voting to all man householders (miners, mill-workers, farm labourers)
the extention of the franchise gave public opinion an important role as a political force
the
Irish Parliamentary Party
led by
Charles Stewart Parnell
demanded self-government for Ireland ("Home Rule")
Gladstone believed that Home Rule could bring peace, but the bill passed only after World War I
FOREIGN POLICY
Britain had a global hegemony (naval power, financial and economic strenght)
Britain gain control without intervention in
South America
,
Asia
and most of all
Africa
(where it competed with other European countries for the control)
THE ANGLO-BOER WARS (1880-1902)
the war broke out when took over the Transvaal
it ended eith a British victory
in Africa, Britain controlled two colonies (Cape Colony and Natal), while the
Boers
(Dutch settlers) had the two republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State
INDIAN EMPIRE
in 1877 Queen Victoria was given the title of Empress of India
growing sense of "
white man's burden
" (combination of the duty to spread Christian civilisation, toleration, open communication and commercial interests)
Britain felt the obligation to provide leadership where States were failing (ex. Africa, India)
India was economically important as a amrket for English goods and strategically necessary to control Asia
by 1850 the
East India Company
ruled most of India, through free market economics it destroyed traditional farming and caused the deinsutrialisation of India (India once was the main manufacturer of cotton cloth, then became the largest importer of England's cotton)
END OF AN ERA
Queen Victoria celebrated her
Golden and Diamond Jubilees
for 50 and 60 years of reign with public parades
she died in 1901