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Gas Exchange - Coggle Diagram
Gas Exchange
Expiration
- diaphragm relaxes, moving up
- at the same time, external intercostal muscles relax and the internal intercostal muscles contract
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- abdominal muscles contract
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- volume of the thoraic cavity and of the lungs decrease
- pressure inside the cavity and inside the lungs increase
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Inspiration
- diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract
- internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles relax
- rib cage moves up and out
- volume of the thoraic cavity and lungs increase
- pressure inside the cavity and lungs decrease
- air flows in through an open mouth or nasal passages filling alveoli with air
Epidemiology
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when the analysis of data is done correctly, it allows us to differentiate a causal correlation from an incidental one
Causes of Lung Cancer
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passive smoking: about 3% of the cases of lung cancer are caused by tobacco smoke exhaled by smokers
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Asbestos, silica and other solid particles found usually on construction sites or in quarries, mines or factories.
Ventilation
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maintains concentration gradients of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in alveoli and blood in the adjacent capillaries
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Emphysema
type of COPD
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(there are fewer alveoli, with thicker walls)
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Alveoli
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Type II pneumocytes
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the surfactant helps the diffusion of oxygen into the cell and prevents the internal walls of each alveoli from adhering to each other
