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Periodic Table Trends - Coggle Diagram
Periodic Table Trends
Electronegativity Trends
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From left to right across a period of elements, electronegativity increases.
If the valence shell of an atom is less than half full, it requires less energy to lose an electron than to gain one, if the valence shell is more than half full, it is easier to attract an electron into the valence shell than to donate one.
From top to bottom down a group, electronegativity decreases.
atomic number increases down a group, and thus there is an increased distance between the valence electrons and nucleus, or a greater atomic radius.
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Group 1
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When going down the group softness increases, density increases, melting points decreases
Softness increases because as when you go down the group the atomic size increases and when the atomic size increases the element has weaker bonds causing the metal to increase in softness and density and the melting points would decrease
When reacted with water the metal would float and fizz on the water, hydrogen gas is produced and the metals would sometimes explode
Reactivity of group 1 elements increases as you go down the group because the atoms become larger. the outer electron becomes further from the nucleus. the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron decreases causing the electron to be easily lost and a reaction to happen
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Group 17
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Form coloured gases
fluorine gas : yellow, pale green when solid
Chlorine gas is green, yellow when solid
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Atomic Radius Trends
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Down a group, atomic radius increases
Electron shielding prevents these outer electrons from being attracted to the nucleus; thus, they are loosely held, and the resulting atomic radius is large.