Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY & LACTATION, NAME , Z , Z , 9k= , 2Q== …

- - - - 1000mg per day
      - Source calcium : - milk, cheese yoghurt, dark and green leafy veggies
      - High phosphorus intake interfere with calcium absorption
      - Sources phosphorus : red meat and poultry, dried milk and milk products, wheat germ, yeast, grains, hard cheeses, canned fish, nuts
    - - Vital role in calcium absorption and utilization
      - Deficiency- ricket in fetus, -osteomalacia in mother
      - 1.4 μg/day
      - Sources: Catfish, Salmon, Mackerel, Tuna
    - - Function: bone formation
      - activation of vitamin D and in the release of parathyroid hormone that acts on the kidney and bone to raise blood calcium’
      - 400mg/day
      - Sources: dairy products, breads and cereals, legumes, vegetables, and meats
    - - Mineralisation of the fetal teeth
      - Fluoride supplement = cause tooth decay
      - 2.9 mg/day
      - Sources: fluoridated water
  - - - Increase of Vitamin B6 is proportional with the increase of protein
      - Increase of Vitamin B is proportional to the increase of energy
        
        Riboflavin: 54 mg/day
        
        Niacin: 7.5 mg NE
        
        Thiamin: 1.5 mg/day
    - - +7.5 gram/day
      - Sources: whole grains, meats, milk, legumes
      - Needed for expansion of maternal blood volume & the growth of fetus, placenta and maternal tissue.
      - High protein supplement can be harmful (lower birth weight, preterm birth & neonatal death) and is discouraged.
    - - Comprise 45 - 64% of daily calories
      - Sources: milks, legumes, fruits, grains and vegetables
      - 50% of total daily energy comes from carbohydrate
  - - - Deficiency= fetal retardation, preterm birth, low birth weight
      - 27-29 μg/day
      - Source of food: carrot, pumpkins, liver, milk, eggs, potatoes
    - - functions as a lipid-soluble antioxidant, protecting cells of the body from damage by harmful free radicals
      - 7.5 mg/day
      - Sources: vegetable oil, wheat germ, whole grains and nuts
    - - Form the collagen
        – Collagen gives the structure to bone, cartilage, muscle and blood vessel
      - 7-10 mg/day
      - Higher intake for = women with multiple fetuses, uses illicit drugs, smoke cigarette or drink alcohol :
    - - regulate body temperature, metabolic rate, reproduction, growth, the making of blood cells, nerve and muscle function
      - iodine deficiency impairs fetal development, causing mental and physical retardation (cretinism)
      - 250 mcg/day
  - - - 2.6 μg/day
      - Sources: meat, fish, eggs and milk products
      - Activate the folate and required for normal cell division and protein synthesis
      - Vegetarian; risk of B12 deficiency, need soy milk and cereal that is fortified with B12 and daily supplement.
    - - Mother will loss lots of blood during delivery
      - 30 mg/day
      - Fetal need the iron to store its own to last through 4 to 6 months after birth
      - Sources: liver, lean meat, fortified bread and dried beans / peas
      - Needed to support enlarged blood volume and to provide for placental and fetal need
    - - 1000 μg/day
      - Sources: Green vegetables, liver and nut
      - Play fundamental role in DNA synthesis and cell replication
      - Deficiency can cause placental and fetal abnormalities
      - Take tablet supplement of folate if dietary intake is inadequate
      - link to www.google.com
    - - Sources: meat, fish, poultry, oyster, crabmeat, shrimp
      - Vegetarian: oyster, pumpkin seeds, milk, chickpeas, instant oatmeal, almonds
      - 7-10 mg/day
      - Required for DNA and RNA synthesis, protein synthesis and cell development
      - Excessive routine supplementation is not recommended
  - - - Irrational
      - Women believe that over consumption or under consumption of craved food imparts physical or behavioral peculiarities to the infant
    - - These likes and dislikes are common
      - They did not reflect physiological needs
      - Due to physiological factors or hormone-induce changes in sensitivity to taste and smell
    - - well planned vegetarian diets that are adequate in food energy and include milk products and eggs can support a healthy pregnancy
      - Sources: milk, milk product, legumes, cereals, fruits and vegetables
      - Strict vegetarian may require supplementation of vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium and iron, fortified soy milk and tofu, legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grain breads, cereal, vegetable
- - - - disaccharide lactose.
        
        easily digested and facilitates calcium absorption
      - oligosaccharides and bifidus factor-nonlactose carbohydrate
        
        defend infants against harmful bacteria
        
        Contains amylase enzyme that facilitates
        starch digestion
    - - low protein concentration contribute low renal solute load
      - alpha-lactalbumin
        
        efficiently digested and absorbed, richer in sulphur containing acid amino
      - all essential acid amino in appropriate amounts
    - - source of energy in infant diet
      - infant digest fat in breast milk completely
      - infants absorb monoglycerides with palmitic acid more efficiently
      - Breast milk contains more than adequate
        concentration of the essential fatty acid
    - - Breast milk contains all the vitamin and
        minerals needed for normal infant.
      - Low electrolyte – low renal solute load
      - low zinc quantities but efficient absorption because of the presence of binding proteins
      - contains amylase enzyme facilitates starch digestion
    - - bifidus factor
        
        Microbial growth factors favoring the growth of
        harmless bacteria in the digestive tract
      - immunoglobulins
        
        Protects the infant digestive tract against antigen
      - colostrum
        
        A premilk substances that contain mainly serum with
        antibodies and white blood cells
    - - Protect infants against gastrointestinal
        infections
      - Protection against the development of
        allergies
      - Wide spectrum of flavors it introduces to
        an infant
  - - - breast milk may change with maternal dietary excesses and deficiencies of fat soluble vitamin
      - vitamin A, D, E, K
    - - reflects maternal intake. several vitamin deficient mothers produce several deficient breast milk
      - vitamin C, riboflavin, thiamin
    - - unaffected by maternal diet