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CHAPTER 7: NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION, VITAMINS &…

- - - - Why the body needs iron?
        
        Menstruation ceases
        
        Iron absorption triples because of increase in the synthesis of transferrin
        
        Hormones of pregnancy mobilize iron from storage sites, making it available in the blood
- - - - LIPID-SOLUBLE ANTIOXIDANT
      - PROTECTING CELLS OF THE BODY FROM HARMFUL FREE RADICALS
    - - VEGETABLE OIL, WHEAT GERM WHOLE GRAINS AND NUTS
  - - - COLLAGEN GIVES THE STRUCTURE TO BONE CARTILAGE, MUSCLE AND BLOOD VESSEL
    - - USES ILLICIT DRUGS
      - SMOKE CIGARETTE OR DRINK ALCOHOL
      - MULTIPLE FETUSES
    - - TOMATOES, POTATOES,BROCCOLI, KIWI,MANGO
  - - - regulate body temperature
        
        reproduction, growth
        
        the making of blood cells, nerve and muscle function
        
        metabolic rate
    - - impairs fetal development
      - causing mental and physical retardation (cretinism)
  - - - PRETERM BIRTH
      - LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
      - FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION
    - - CARROT,PUMPKINS,LIVER,MILK,EGGS,POTATOES
- - - - 50% of total daily energy is gotten from carbohydrates to spare protein that is needed for growth.
        
        45% to 64% of daily calories
        
        Sources: milk, legumes & grains
    - - Additional protein is needed for expansion of maternal blood & the growth of fetus, placenta & maternal tissue
        
        7.5 gram/day
        
        Source: whole grains, meat & legumes
        
        High protein supplement can be harmful and is discouraged to take the supplement during pregnancy.
    - - Increase vitamin B is proportional to increase of energy requirements
        
        Vitamin B6 increases parallel with protein recommendations
        
        Pregnant adolescents and women carrying more than 1 fetus need to pay attention to their vitamin B6 intakes.
- - - - PROTIEN
        
        Maternal diet does not have any effect on the protein content of breast milk
      - WATER
        1.Major nutrient in breast milk
        
        It doesn't mean that if a mother drinks more fluid produce more breast milk- best way is to nurse frequently
        
        Mother drinks to prevent dehydration during lactation
        
        Drink after each meal& each time the baby nurses
      - LIPID
        
        Maternal diet alters fatty acid composition of breast milk, but not its concentration
        
        DHA increases if mother consumes oil rich in DHA-cholesterol is not affected
      - CARBOHYDRATE
        
        Maternal diet does not have any effect on the carbohydrate content of breast milk