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Pulmonary Scans - Coggle Diagram

- - - - severe side effects from anti-cogulants
- - - - healthy ppl: 1 hour
      - smokers: 30 mins
  - - - worse contrast
    - - biological (lung): 30-45 secs
      - physical: 5.24 days
    - - single breath
      - wash-in
      - equilibrium
      - wash-out
    - - noticeable uptake in liver (esp. fatty liver)
- - - - mid-segment: 1
      - base: 0.6
      - apex: 3
    - - shunt
      - X air enter alveoli, unoxygenated blood continues to systemic circulation
      - Pneumonia
      - atelectasis
      - X gas exchange
    - - no blood supply for lungs
      - pulmonary embolus
      - X gas exchange
    - - unable to oxygenate any blood
      - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
      - waste ventilation
    - - Chronic bronchitis
      - asthma
      - acute pulmonary oedema
      - poor ventilation, lack of O2 supply
- - - - adults: 40-150 MBq
      - children: 1.11 MBq/kg (V+Q)
        2.59 MBq/kg (Q only)
    - - image acquisition: 500k counts
    - - Severe pulmonary hypertension
        
        blockage of capillaries may acutely exacerbate condition of cardiac complications
      - particle size
        
        Right-to-left intracardiac shunt
        
        reduction of particles no. (100k): brain thrombosis concerns
        
        rapid renal uptake noticed
        
        merely reported for adverse effects
        
        no.of particles
        
        Suggested 150-500K
        
        size range 10-90 micron in diameter, <150 micron
        
        infant and small chldren, adult with 10-30Ki
      - clumping possilbility
        
        agitate before injection
        
        at least 22 gauge needle (reduce damage to particle)
        
        preferably freshly prepared dose
      - gravity effect
  - - - if not, pellet may form
    - - over 3-5 respiratory cycles