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THE ENLIGHTENMENT (17th - 18th century), aphra, enlit, newton, locke -…
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
(17th - 18th century)
CIVILITY AND MODERATION
The ideal of the 1700 was based on the '
art of pleasing
', that requested simplicity and moral authenticity.
There was the rise of a new figure, the
gentleman
.
Individual happiness, pleasure and material gain were the people's
main goals
of life.
The Enlightenment was an
intellectual movement
that developed in Europe.
Its aim was to
free
men's mind from ignorance and superstition through knowledge and science.
NEW APPROACHES TO SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY
A new current of thought developed from the middle of the 17th century: '
natural philosophy
'.
It tried to explain the mysteries of the universe through the
experimental method
with the astronomer Galileo Galilei and the mathematician Johannes Kepler.
With
Isaac Newton,
the first age of science culminated in England: he demonstrated the laws of gravitation and motion of the planets.
John Locke
was a member of the Royal Society and a close friend of Isaac Newton. He was a philosopher who wrote works concerning philosophy, science and politics.
THE ROLE OF WOMEN
They helped the novel become the most
distinctive
literary genre of the period.
The prices of books were reduced
More
independence
in social and cultural life was allowed to the English women.
Women like
Aphra Benn
decided to dedicate themselves to writing.
A GOLDEN AGE
Valuable virtues were frequently praised, such as politeness, moderation and rationality.
While there was a
rejection
of every form of extremism.
The
18th century
in England is known as a golden age, for the political stability and the blossoming of the arts.
Joseph Addison founded
The Spectator
, a newspaper that made politeness popular.
A NEW VIEW OF THE NATURAL
Enlightened thinkers wanted to improve the world.
Landscape paintings
became a tipical English genre.
The '
English garden
' was a space that expressed values such as freedom, simplicity and balance.
EXPLORATIONS
The new optimism encouraged explorations. The Royal Society commissioned to Capitain Cook voyages to new lands.
