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Sustainable Agriculture - Coggle Diagram

- - - - make indian agri sustainable and profitable
    - - btw traditional knowledge and
      - state-of-art technology
    - - local innovations
      - replicate in other areas
    - - perennially facing
      - variety of problem
      - like shortage
        
        water, farm labour
        
        lack of timely and quality inputs
        
        lack of mechanization
        
        cold storage facilities
        
        access to timely credit
        
        absence of
        
        marketing system
- - - - expand to all corners of the country
      - cutting-edge technologies
        
        changing the way agriculture
        
        practiced world over
    - - more climate-resilient seed varieties
    - - precision-agriculture practices
    - - AI in agriculture
    - - farmers take up allied activities
      - like
        
        horticulture, sericulture,
        
        aquaculture, dairy, poultry,
        
        and food processing to diversify
        
        their sources of income.
      - encouraged to grow
        
        commercial crops.
    - - chemical fertilizers
  - - - from department of commerce
      - exports of farm goods
        
        from India
        
        during April-September, 2020
        
        at $18.12 billion, 4.6% higher than
        
        $17.32 billion for first half of 2019-20
    - - rice and sugar exports
      - propped up by rising global prices
- - - - focus on research
        
        that benefits the farmets
      - Lab-to-Land
        
        mantra of AU
    - - Innovation, Generation and Motivation
      - keep up
        
        with the changes and
        
        uncertainties of time
- - - - lack of policy clarity
    - - to agri R&D
      - overzealous opposition
        
        to new tech
        
        from idealogues of left and right
  - - - generally are low
      - over last 20 years
        
        spending btw 0.7 to 0.8% of GDP
  - - - lack of competent human resources
  - - - neither provided alternative
      - equally remunerative crops
      - nor farming systems
        
        reduce natural resource inputs
        
        eg. wheat-rice cycle in PJ and HR
    - - on use of genetic engineering
      - and gene editing technologies
  - - - given to reducing
      - natural resource inputs
      - and monetary inputs
    - - one of largest
        
        water usages for agri in the world
      - total 761 bcm withdrawals of water
      - 90.5% goes into agri
- - - - encouraged in rural
      - and backward areas
      - by offering special incentives
      - to provide
        
        new jobs to rural india
    - - to promote industrial investment
      - in rural and backward areas
    - - include
        
        integration of value-added agri-produce
        
        with global value chains (GVC)
      - by adopting
        
        best agri practices
        
        involving
        
        productivity gains
        
        and cost competitiveness.
    - - concerted efforts by
        
        CG & SG, Indian embassies
        
        APEDA, EXIM Bank, and NABARD
        
        all other stakeholders
        
        in agri-export value chains
        
        needed to address
        
        issues pertaining to promotion of agri-exports
  - - - avg income of farmers
      - owning upto 2 hectares is Rs.5,240/month
    - - have suffcient time to work
      - can earn Rs.12,000-15,000/month
      - 8 hours of labour in nearby factory
    - - additional income
        
        to minimise dependency
        
        on agri-based income
    - - from these areas
      - 50% relaxation
        
        in railway freight
    - - imposition of minimum export price (MEP)
      - tool often used
        
        to tame inflation
    - - need to development
        
        dairy export zones
        
        in collaboration with SG
    - - common infra for
        
        processing, standardisation
        
        storage, logistics
        
        and connectivity to ports and airports
    - - facilitate value addition of agri-commodities
      - for increasing exports
        
        in WTO-compatible manner
  - - - have marginal land holdings
      - operating below 1 hectare
      - their household
        
        costs are higher than
        
        their earnings
    - - 90% are marginal farmers
      - and farm labourers
        
        of nearby villages
      - case study
    - - to small farmers and laboures
      - in nearby areas
        
        will minimise rural-to-urban migration
    - - covering more than 60% of population
      - residing in rural and backward areas
  - - - R&D, IoT, AI, Blockchain
      - for
        
        improving agricultural productivity
        
        resource-use efficiency
        
        and export competitiveness
  - - - structural reforms in agri sector
      - include
        
        stable trade policy regime
  - - - not a full-time job