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Ecology of the Community :smile: - Coggle Diagram
Ecology of the Community :smile:
Need
Physcological
companionship, emotional security, social groups
practicality
cooperate to share necessities
Communities 5 functions pg. 377
Socialization
how people earned a living?
community instill norms/values?
ex: festivals or clubs
community enforce rules
police or neighborhood watch
social gathering?
help one another
kids learn role of adults and for themselves
observe, model, apprentice
Family friendly community survey pg. 379
Physical Factors
population density and composition
high pop= positive due to more relationship opportunities
neg. affects = lack of resources, personal space, privacy, reduced behavioral freedom
Evans and Stecker- learned helplessness
more violence & higher crime rate
stability and mobility in neighborhood = composition
rate of turnover could be neg.
homogenous = people in common
Ex: suburban = less experiences with other who are different
heterogenous = diff backgrounds
urban neighborhoods
Noise
near freeway= lower test scores
community design= houses & street design
affects physical activity
play settings
adventure
ideas/fantasies
modern
equipment
traditional
equipment
economic Factors
depend on jobs, goods, services
unemployment affects socialization process in families
Julia Cass pg. 382 & 383
costs of transportation, healthcare, education, & housing
national center for children in poverty stats pg. 382
45% kids in low income families
expenditures= special education, chronic health , foster care, prisons and welfare
Social and personal factors
neighborhood settings
unstructured time/ social enviornments
examples: pg. 384
exposure to adults
friendship patterns
types of play
mobility
patterns of community interaction
size of community
social diversity
shared norms
valued types of social relationships
Ferdinand Tonnies Pg. 385
gemeinshaft= cooperative
table pg. 386
gesellschaft = independent
Community as a learning enviornment
alternative schooling
child learns with involvement of real issues
ex: guest speakers, community projects, field trips
community service trust act 1993= grants for student involvement projects
national educational goals 2000= businesses adopt a school
Community as a support system
informal support
geminshcaft
Ex: kids watched in neighborhood
Formal support
gesellschaft
public/private community funded resources
reasons for community resources
increased population
competition for available resources
changing nature of the family
relatives unavailable
increasing urbanization of communities
increased sm. living space and less recreational options
Macrosystem influences pg. 390
Public
private
combination
Preventative, supportive and rehabilitative services
lessen stress and strains involving social and tech problems
Ex: rec programs help youth stay out of trouble
supportive = Ex: educational programs
maintain health, education and welfare
family services provide referrals and counseling
economic assistnace
rehabilitative = restore ability to participate in community
correction
agression or delinquent behaviors
mental health
provide psychological and medical examinations
special needs
preventative services include parks, rec. and education
ex: learn new skills
Ex: boy scouts of america
table of family services distribution in community pg. 392
Family Preservation Services
keep family safe
avoid unnecessary replacement care and any consequent high human and financial cost
improve family function to avoid future crisis
Child Welfares services
economic and personal aid, foster care, & institutional care
protection from abuse or neglect
childcare centers
foster care
adoption
Categories of community services on table 10.3 pg 396
create caring communities
National Commission on Children = Bush
assess children and families and create policies to support them
9 areas of recommendations pg. 398
shared finances for private and public resources
help families transition from welfare to work = attack the needs
also faith based and community initiatives in many organizations to use federal social service grants
population groups pg 397
economic assistance to families
poverty is single greatest threat to children TANF programm
provides temporary financial
unemployment
ss. survivor benefits
SSI
veterans benefits
child nutrition services
Haskins and Sawhill pg. 399
5 major factors pushing families into poverty
Homelessness
STATS pg. 401
health care for families
9% kids without healthcare
key is if mothers have good health during pregnancy
Government programs
medicaid
maternal and child health services
center for disease control
child nutrition programs
Special needs
Foster care programs'
social support for families
child welfare
social services block grants
child and adolescent services system program
problem = single parent families and women working with young children
KEY federal assistance programs for children and families pg. 406 !
Linking community services to families and schools
variety of programs highlighted pg. 406
volunteerism
be part of volunteer groups
Ex: cooperation for national and community service 1993
opportunities for Americans to give back to their communities
Child Advocacy
societies awareness and obligation to children's needs
advocacy groups form and monitor particular problems
Examples:
Children's defense fund
Child Welfare League of America
National Congress of Teachers and Parents
Advocating for Child protection
focus on child abuse and neglect
overview
definitions
identification
statistics
risks and protective factoirs
perpretrators
Impact
fatalities
contact
legal intervention is 1st requirement
list of therapeutic intervention/treatment pg. 411