Developing Fuels

Enthalpy Change

ΔH = Hproducts - Hreactants

ΔH affected by temp, pressure and conc of solutions

Energy Transferred = specific heat capacity x mass x temperature change

ΔH = H products - Hreactants

Enthalpy of combustion = follow arrows down

Enthalpy of formation = first arrow down, last arrow up

Enthalpy of neutraslisation = follow arrows up

Compounds that don't contain a benzene ring are called aliphatic compounds

Alkenes are saturated hydrocarbons

Cracking describes any reaction which a larger molecule is made into smaller molecules.

An addition reaction is one where two or more molecules react to form a single, larger molecule.

Alkanes produce two branched alkanes

Alkanes produce smaller alkane(s) and cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes produce alkanes and branched alkanes

Alkenes produce smaller alkenes

Electrophilic Addition Reactions

Reaction with bromine

Reaction with hydrogen bromide

Reaction with water

Reaction with hydrogen

PV = nRT

Pressure (Pa) x Volume (m3) = amount of gas (moles) x gas constant R (JK-1mol-1) x temperature (k)