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THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE, imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen, imagen,…

- - - - medici in florence
      - sfortza in molan
      - the popes of rome
- - - - squares
      - hospitals
      - town hall
      - theatres
      - libraries
      - rural villas
      - urban places
- - - - 15th century
        
        in Florence, new Renaissance innovations appeared
        
        most iportant architects
        
        Brunelleschi and Alberti
        
        most important painters
        
        Masaccio, Fra Angelico and Botticelli
        
        most imortant sculptors
        
        Ghiberti and Donatello
    - - 16th century
        
        rome became the artist centre
        
        Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael Sanzio belong to this phase
        
        in venice, new style was developed by some painters
    - - 14th century the end of gotich art
        
        early features of the Renaissance appear
        
        first artist
        
        Glotto
    - - began in 1530
        
        harmony and proportion were abandoned
        
        most important painters
        
        Florentines Bronzino and Pontormo and the Venetians Tintoretto and Veronese
        
        most important sculptors
        
        Cellini and Giambologna
- - - - idealism and serenity
        
        painters and sculptors tried to reflect reality. At the same time, influenced by the ideas of the Greek philosopher Plato, they aimed to portray an ideal beauty.
      - the human body
        
        the Italian painters and sculptors were interested in the anatomy of the human body. They revived the nude as a subject, which had been abandoned in the Middle Ages
      - The search for balance and proportion
        
        Renaissance artists studied the elements of a scene and arranged them symmetrically, in an order that guided the view of the observer. They often used a pyramidal composition
    - - portraits were painted due to the increase in demand from nobles, clergy and the upper bourgeoisie
      - landscapes and buildings substituted the gold backgrounds of the Gothic artists and became the defining feature
      - themes related to Christianity, mythological themes were adopted from Classical Antiquity
    - - sculpture
        
        more expensive materials like marble were used more frequently
        
        Reliefs were replaced by freestanding sculptures
      - painting
        
        frescoes on walls and tempera on wooden panels
        
        eventually the new oil technique was adopted
    - - Many features of Renaissance art can be seen in The Birth of Venus. The patron who commissioned this work was a member of the powerful Medici family. It was painted by the Florentine Sandro Botticelli at the end of the 15th century, using the tempera technique.
      - In the search for a true representation of reality, Renaissance artists introduced a revolutionary new technique: perspective. This enabled them to give depth and volume to scenes, objects and figures.
      - Perspective was achieved in painting by placing the figures in different planes and putting landscapes or architectural features in the most distant one (the background). They also used linear perspective, which consists of arranging the elements on imaginary lines which converge at a vanishing point at the back. This can be seen in the fresco The School of Athens by Raphael Sanzio.