THE MODERN STATE 
MODERN STATE
EUROPE AND THE END OF THE 15TH CENTURY
the small states of europe
western europe
eastern europe
Monarchs had more resources, so they became more powerful and were able to reform existing institutions and create new ones.
their main purpose was to strengthen their authority, to control the power of the nobility, to manage the resources of the kingdom more effectively, and to maintain a strong position of power over other rulers;
They strengthened bureaucracy
hey centralised power by creating new institutions to serve them
They formed powerful armies of mercenaries
The monarchs established a court or permanent seat
The new political organization that has emerged as a result of these reforms is called the modern state.
the most powerful monarchs at the beginning of the early modern period
The Russian monarchy expanded its territory with the conquests of Ivan III the Great in the 15th century and Ivan IV the Terrible in the 16th century
The Polish monarchy covered large areas after its unification with Lithuania
The Ottoman (Turkish) Empire expanded during the 15th century. Mehmed II 'the Conqueror took control of Constantinople and much of the Balkan Peninsula
The French monarchy gained power after the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453), above all under Louis XI the Prudent'. In the 16th century Francis I fought against Carlos V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain
The English monarchy consolidated itself after the civil war
The Spanish monarchy resulted from the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs Isabel I of Castilla and Ferdinand II of Aragón.
The Holy Roman Empire consisted of a multitude of kingdoms and independent territories in the centre of Europe
Italy remained divided into small principalities and republics