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Coastal Landforms - Coggle Diagram
Coastal Landforms
CAVES, ARCHES AND STACKS
Caves occur when waves force their way into cracks in the cliff face. the water contains sediment that grind away at the rock until the cracks become a cava. Mainly caused by Hydraulic action.
Weathering and erosion can create caves, arches, stacks and stumps along a headland.
The arch will gradually become bigger until it can no longer support the top of the arch. When the arch collapses, it leaves the headland on one side and a stack on the other.
If a cave is formed in a headland, it may eventually break through to the side forming an arch.
The stack will be attacked at the base in the same way that a wave-cut notch is formed. This weakens the structure and it will eventually to form a stump. :
One of the best examples in Britain is Old Harry Rocks, a stack found off a headland in the Isle of Purbeck.
WEATHERING
There are three kinds of weathering: 1. Physical weathering 2. Chemical weathering 3. Biological weathering
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Deposition
Deposition takes places in the slow moving part of the river on other side leading to the formation of a convex bank known as a slip off slope.
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RIVER / WATER
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Meanders
Shallow parts resulting from deposition of course sediments. This in turn causes the flow of the river to swing from side to side, directing line of maximum velocity towards one of the banks.
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CLIFFS
Soft rock, eg sand and clay erodes easily to create gently sloping cliffs. Hard rock eg chalk, is more resistant and erodes slowly to create steep cliffs.
One of the most common features of a coastline is a cliff. Cliffs are shaped through a combination of erosion and weathering-the breakdown of rocks caused by weather conditions.
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GLACIERS
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Glaciers are found in Antarctica, in Alaska, and in Polar Ice Caps and regions of the ocean.
Big, frozen chunks of ice that store over 75% of the Earth's water. Glaciers look like giant, floating ice cubes.